If an experiment is repeated under essential homogeneous and similar conditions we generally come across two types of situations:
The result or what is usually known as the ,outcome" is unique or certain.
The result is not unique but may be one of the several possible outcomes. The phenomena covered by (i) are known as deterministic. For example, for a perfect gas, PV = constant.
The phenomena covered by (ii) are known as probabilistic. For example, in tossing a coin we are not sure if a head or tail will be obtained.
In the study of statistics we are concerned basically with the presentation and interpretation of chance outcomes that occur in a planned study or scientific investigation.
Some Basic Definitions
Trial and event: Consider an experiment which, though repeated under essentially identical conditions, does not give unique results but may result in any one of the several possible outcomes. The experiment is known as a trial and outcomes are known as events or cases. For example, throwing of a die is a trial and getting 1(or 2 or ... 6) is an event.
Exhaustive events: The total number of possible outcomes in any trial is known as exhaustive events or exhaustive cases. For example, in tossing of a coin there are two exhaustive case, viz.: Head and Tail(the possibility of the coin standing on an edge being ignored)
Favourable events or cases: The number of cases favourable to an event in a trial is the number of outcomes which entail the happening of the event. For example, in throwing of two dice, the number of cases favourable to getting the sum 3 is: (1,2) and (2,1)
Mutually exclusive events: Events are said to be mutually exclusive or incompatible if the happening of any one of them precludes the happening of all the others, that is if no two or more of them can happen simultaneously in the same trial. For example, in tossing a coin the events head and tail are mutually exclusive.
This book has been written for the ME/M.TECH/BE/B.Tech students of All University with latest syllabus for ECE, EEE, CSE, IT, Mechanical, Bio Medical, Bio Tech, BCA, MCA and All B.Sc Department Students.
The basic aim of this book is to provide a basic knowledge in Quantitative Techniques.
Quantitative Techniques Syllabus students of degree, diploma & AMIE courses and a useful reference for these preparing for competitive examinations.
All the concepts are explained in a simple, clear and complete manner to achieve progressive learning.
This book is divided into four chapters. Each chapter is well supported with the necessary illustration practical examples.
