Research Methods for Psychological Science

Preface About the Author Introduction Chapter 1 * What Is Science? Learning Objectives Science as a Way of Knowing The Scientific Approach Studying Behavior and Experience Chapter 2 * Introduction to the Methods of Science Learning Objectives Naturalistic Observation The Correlational Approach The Experimental Method Logic and Inference: The Detective Work of Science Scientific Observation: The Raw Data of Science Chapter 3 * Developing the Hypothesis Learning Objectives Making Our Hypotheses Concrete Making Our Hypotheses Logical Creating Testable Research Hypotheses and the Problem of Measurement The Scientist's Guide to Having an Idea Tools for Library Research Chapter 4 * Ethics Learning Objectives Ethical Considerations of Psychological Experimentation Ingredients of the Initial Scientist-Participant Dialogue The Rights of the Research Participant and the Responsibilities of the Experimenter Deception Studies Animals as Subjects Chapter 5 * Description of Behavior Through Numerical Representation Learning Objectives Measurement Measurement and Statistics Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Variability Pictorial and Transforming Numerical Data Measures of Association Chapter 6 * Inferential Statistics: Making Statistical Decisions Learning Objectives Probability The Normal Distribution Hypothesis Testing Chapter 7 * Testing the Hypothesis: A Conceptual Introduction Learning Objectives The Context of Experimentation: An Example Types of Variation Statistical Hypothesis Testing Threats to Internal Validity Conclusion Chapter 8 * Control: The Keystone of the Experimental Method Learning Objectives Control Achieved Through Participant Assignment and Selection Randomization Control Achieved Through Experimental Design Control as Related to the Logic of Experimentation Chapter 9 * Applying the Logic of Experimentation: Between-Subjects Designs Learning Objectives Between-Subjects Design Terminology Factorial Design Factorial Designs: The Logic of Experimentation and the Interaction Effect Chapter 10 * Extending the Logic of Experimentation: Within-Subjects and Matched-Subjects Approaches Learning Objectives Within-Subjects Designs Mixed Designs Matched-Subjects Designs Chapter 11 * The Ecology of the Experiment: The Scientist and Research Participant in Relation to Their Environments Learning Objectives Ecology Experimenter Factors Subject Factors Cultural and Social Bias Chapter 12 * Quasi-Experimental, Correlational, and Naturalistic Observational Designs Learning Objectives Doing Research in the Real World: Closed and Open Systems Quasi-Experimental Designs Correlational Procedures Naturalistic Observations Chapter 13 * Single-Subject Designs Learning Objectives History of Single-Subject Designs Case Study Designs Experimental Single-Subject Designs Alternative Types of Single-Subject Research Chapter 14 * Questionnaires, Survey Research, and Sampling Learning Objectives Survey Question Construction and Formats Methods of Administering a Survey Sampling Chapter 15 * Sharing the Results Learning Objectives Communication With Other Scientists: The Scientific Article Publishing Your Article Chapter 16 * Beyond Method Learning Objectives Dimensions of Research Limitations to Finding Answers Science as a Complex Human Process Science as a Means of Transcendence Glossary References