| List of Acronyms | p. xi |
| Preface | p. xiii |
| Deregulation of the Electricity Supply Industry | |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| What is Deregulation? | p. 2 |
| Different Entities in Deregulated Electricity Markets | p. 4 |
| Background to Deregulation and the Current Situation Around the World | p. 6 |
| Industrialized Countries | p. 6 |
| Developing Countries | p. 15 |
| Benefits from a Competitive Electricity Market | p. 19 |
| After-Effects of Deregulation | p. 21 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 25 |
| References | p. 25 |
| Further Reading | p. 26 |
| List of Related Web-Sites | p. 27 |
| Power System Economic Operation Overview | |
| Introduction | p. 29 |
| Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) | p. 30 |
| The Economic Load Dispatch Problem | p. 30 |
| Conditions for the Optimum | p. 32 |
| A Review of Recent Developments in ELD | p. 34 |
| Example | p. 35 |
| Optimal Power Flow as a Basic Tool | p. 37 |
| The Basic OPF Model | p. 38 |
| Example | p. 41 |
| Characteristic Features of OPF | p. 44 |
| Unit Commitment (UC) | p. 47 |
| UC: The Basic Model | p. 48 |
| UC: Additional Issues | p. 50 |
| Formation of Power Pools | p. 53 |
| Power Pools | p. 54 |
| The Energy Brokerage System | p. 61 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 69 |
| References | p. 69 |
| Power System Operation in Competitive Environment | |
| Introduction | p. 73 |
| Role of the Independent System Operator (ISO) | p. 74 |
| Structure of UK and Nordic Electricity Sector Deregulation | p. 75 |
| Operational Planning Activities of ISO | p. 80 |
| The ISO in Pool Markets | p. 80 |
| The ISO in Bilateral Markets | p. 91 |
| Operational Planning Activities of a Genco | p. 95 |
| The Genco in Pool Markets | p. 95 |
| The Genco in Bilateral Markets | p. 96 |
| Market Participation Issues | p. 97 |
| Unit Commitment in Deregulated Environment | p. 100 |
| Competitive Bidding | p. 107 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 114 |
| References | p. 115 |
| Transmission Open Access and Pricing Issues | |
| Introduction | p. 119 |
| The US and the European Perspective: Transco vis-a-vis the Transmission System Operator | p. 120 |
| What is Power Wheeling? | p. 121 |
| Transmission Open Access | p. 121 |
| Types of Transmission Services in Open Access | p. 122 |
| Cost Components in Transmission | p. 123 |
| Pricing of Power Transactions | p. 125 |
| Embedded Cost Based Transmission Pricing | p. 127 |
| Incremental Cost Based Transmission Pricing | p. 134 |
| Transmission Open Access and Pricing Mechanisms in Various Countries | p. 138 |
| United Kingdom | p. 138 |
| Chile | p. 138 |
| Sweden | p. 139 |
| Developments in International Transmission Pricing in Europe | p. 142 |
| Example | p. 143 |
| Security Management in Deregulated Environment | p. 145 |
| Scheduling of Spinning Reserves | p. 147 |
| Interruptible Load Options for Security Management | p. 148 |
| Congestion Management in Deregulation | p. 157 |
| Economic Instruments for Handling Congestion | p. 158 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 166 |
| References | p. 167 |
| Ancillary Services Management | |
| What Do We Mean by Ancillary Services? | p. 171 |
| General Description of Some Ancillary Services | p. 172 |
| Ancillary Services Management in Various Countries | p. 175 |
| The US | p. 175 |
| UK | p. 178 |
| Australia | p. 179 |
| Sweden | p. 182 |
| Check-List of Ancillary Services Recognized by Various Markets | p. 185 |
| Reactive Power as an Ancillary Service | p. 186 |
| Reactive Power Management in Some Deregulated Electricity Markets: A Review | p. 187 |
| Defining Scope of the Service is Important | p. 198 |
| Synchronous Generators as Ancillary Service Providers | p. 200 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 202 |
| References | p. 203 |
| Reliability and Deregulation | |
| Terminology | p. 205 |
| Reliability Analysis | p. 206 |
| The Interruption Criterion | p. 208 |
| Stochastic Components | p. 209 |
| Component Models | p. 210 |
| Calculation Methods | p. 216 |
| The Network Model | p. 218 |
| Stochastic Networks | p. 218 |
| Series and Parallel Connections | p. 220 |
| Minimum Cut-Sets | p. 222 |
| Reliability Costs | p. 223 |
| Hierarchical Levels | p. 227 |
| Generation Reliability | p. 227 |
| Transmission Reliability | p. 229 |
| Distribution Reliability | p. 231 |
| Reliability and Deregulation | p. 232 |
| Is There a Conflict? | p. 232 |
| Reliability Analysis | p. 236 |
| Effects on the Actual Reliability | p. 237 |
| Regulation of the Market | p. 241 |
| Performance Indicators | p. 246 |
| Conclusions | p. 248 |
| References | p. 249 |
| Further Reading | p. 250 |
| Power Quality Issues: Voltage Dips And Other Disturbances | |
| Power Quality | p. 253 |
| Terminology | p. 253 |
| Interest in Power Quality | p. 255 |
| Events and Variations | p. 256 |
| Voltage Dips | p. 257 |
| Magnitude and Duration | p. 257 |
| Origin of Voltage Dips | p. 259 |
| Magnitude, Duration and Fault Location | p. 264 |
| Three-phase Unbalanced Dips | p. 266 |
| Voltage Dip Performance Indicators | p. 271 |
| The Responsibility Question | p. 279 |
| Voltage Dip Mitigation | p. 281 |
| Other Power Quality Issues | p. 286 |
| Short Interruptions | p. 286 |
| Harmonic Distortion | p. 288 |
| Transient Overvoltages | p. 289 |
| Voltage Variations | p. 290 |
| Voltage Steps | p. 290 |
| Voltage Fluctuations | p. 290 |
| Load Currents | p. 291 |
| Conclusions | p. 291 |
| References | p. 292 |
| Further Reading | p. 293 |
| IEC Standards on Power Quality | p. 294 |
| IEEE Standards on Power Quality | p. 296 |
| Index | p. 299 |
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