| Preface | p. xv |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Concept of Migration in Seed Plants | p. 1 |
| Model of the Mechanisms of Geographic Patterning in Seed Plants | p. 2 |
| Problems of Scale | p. 3 |
| Limitations of the Data Base | p. 4 |
| Exclusion of Artificially Controlled Migrations | p. 6 |
| Definition of Weeds | p. 6 |
| Definition of Natives | p. 6 |
| Modern and Historical Migrations | p. 9 |
| Shoreline and Other Naturally Open Habitats | p. 11 |
| Mangrove Swamps | p. 11 |
| River Deltas, Southern Gulf of Mexico | p. 12 |
| Coral Cays, Belize | p. 13 |
| Great Barrier Reef, Queensland | p. 14 |
| Naturalized Mangroves, Hawaii | p. 14 |
| Naturalization of Avicennia, California | p. 16 |
| Comment | p. 17 |
| Tropical Sea Beaches | p. 18 |
| Coral Cays, Belize | p. 18 |
| Coral Sand Beaches, Mauritius | p. 19 |
| Pyroclastic Beaches, Krakatau | p. 21 |
| Introduced Indo-Pacific Species, Mauritius | p. 22 |
| Transfers Between Old and New Worlds | p. 24 |
| Comment | p. 25 |
| Temperate Sea Beaches and Dunes | p. 26 |
| Mid-Atlantic Barrier Islands, United States | p. 26 |
| Mustang Island, Texas | p. 28 |
| Intercontinental Migration of Ammophila | p. 29 |
| Naturalization of Chrysanthemoides, Australia | p. 30 |
| Naturalization of Mesembryanthemum, California | p. 30 |
| Naturalization of Cakile, Australia and Western North America | p. 31 |
| Comment | p. 35 |
| Salt Marshes | p. 36 |
| Limited Successions in Coastal Marshes, Britain | p. 36 |
| Limited Successions in Coastal Marshes, California | p. 37 |
| Primary Succession on a Mediterranean Lagoon, France | p. 38 |
| Natural Colonization of Artificial Inland Salt Marshes, Europe and North America | p. 39 |
| Naturalized Exotics, California | p. 40 |
| Comment | p. 40 |
| Freshwater Aquatic Habitats | p. 41 |
| Vernal Pools, California | p. 41 |
| Intercontinental Migrations of Elodea and Hydrilla | p. 43 |
| Intercontinental Migrations of Eichhornia and Alternanthera | p. 44 |
| Comment | p. 46 |
| Riparian Habitats | p. 48 |
| Mackenzie Delta, Canada | p. 48 |
| Meramec River, Missouri | p. 49 |
| San Pedro River, Arizona | p. 50 |
| Tamarix and Other Riparian Invaders, Southwestern North America | p. 50 |
| Riparian Invaders, Australia | p. 52 |
| Comment | p. 53 |
| Debris Avalanches and Earthflows | p. 53 |
| White Mountains, New Hampshire | p. 53 |
| Gothic Mountain, Colorado | p. 54 |
| Valdivian Andes, Chile | p. 54 |
| Comment | p. 55 |
| Recently Deglaciated Land | p. 56 |
| Mount Robson, British Columbia | p. 56 |
| Glacier Bay, Alaska | p. 57 |
| Rhone and Aletsch Glaciers, Switzerland | p. 58 |
| Laguna San Rafael, Chile | p. 58 |
| Comment | p. 59 |
| Emerging Nonvolcanic Islands | p. 59 |
| Baltic, Finland | p. 59 |
| Gulf of Bothnia, Finland | p. 62 |
| Lake Hjalmaren, Sweden | p. 63 |
| Comment | p. 63 |
| Fresh Lava and Pyroclastic Deposits | p. 64 |
| Paricutin, Mexico | p. 64 |
| Irazu, Costa Rica | p. 65 |
| Cameroons Mountain, Cameroon | p. 66 |
| Mauna Loa, Hawaii | p. 67 |
| Mount Komagatake, Hokkaido, Japan | p. 68 |
| Volcanoes on Honshu, Japan | p. 69 |
| Krakatau, Indonesia | p. 69 |
| Surtsey, Iceland | p. 71 |
| Comment | p. 72 |
| Vegetation Subject to Natural Perturbations | p. 73 |
| Recurrent Fire | p. 73 |
| Arctic and Alpine Timberlines, North America | p. 73 |
| Mosaics in Native Vegetation, California | p. 74 |
| Forest-Savanna Borders, Central America | p. 75 |
| Intercontinental Invasions, America and Australia | p. 76 |
| Comment | p. 77 |
| Treefalls and Windthrows | p. 77 |
| Central American Rainforests | p. 77 |
| Maple-Beech-Hemlock Forests, Eastern North America | p. 79 |
| Comment | p. 81 |
| Invasion and Elimination in Established Vegetation | p. 82 |
| Competitive Invasion | p. 82 |
| Naturalized Herbs, California Grasslands and Deserts | p. 82 |
| Naturalized Annuals, Nevada and Montana Woodlands and Deserts | p. 85 |
| Reestablishment of Rhododendron ponticum, Northern European Forests | p. 85 |
| Forest Invasions by Pittosporum undulatum, Australia and Abroad | p. 86 |
| Exotic Invaders, Tristan da Cunha Grasslands and Heaths | p. 87 |
| Exotic Invaders, Mauritius and Seychelles Forests | p. 87 |
| Comment | p. 89 |
| Selective Elimination | p. 89 |
| Castanea and Ulmus, North American Forests | p. 89 |
| Panax, Eastern Asia and Eastern North America | p. 92 |
| Comment | p. 93 |
| Artificially Modified Habitats | p. 94 |
| Ruderal Vegetation | p. 94 |
| Abandoned Villages, Aleutians and Greenland | p. 94 |
| Maya Ruins, Yucatan | p. 95 |
| Roads and Railroads, North America | p. 95 |
| Intercontinental Migration of Pineapple Weed | p. 97 |
| Salted Roads, Mine Dumps, and Bombed Ruins, Britain | p. 98 |
| Weeds Imported with Wool and Grain, France and Finland | p. 99 |
| Comment | p. 100 |
| Weeds of Cultivated Ground | p. 101 |
| Transcontinental and Intercontinental Migrations of Amaranthus | p. 101 |
| Comigration of Cereal Crops and Weeds to California | p. 103 |
| Sequential Migration of Glycine and Setaria from China to North America | p. 104 |
| Comment | p. 104 |
| Regrowth on Abandoned Fields | p. 105 |
| Piedmont, North Carolina | p. 105 |
| Cat Island, Bahamas | p. 106 |
| Upper Amazon Basin, Peru | p. 107 |
| Tall Forest Regions, Philippines | p. 108 |
| Comment | p. 109 |
| Altered Rangelands | p. 110 |
| Cattle and Sheep, Great Basin of Western North America | p. 110 |
| Feral Livestock, California Channel Islands | p. 113 |
| Rabbits, Lisianski Island, Hawaii | p. 117 |
| Pigs, Clipperton Island | p. 118 |
| Cattle Rangeland, New Caledonia | p. 119 |
| Desertification, Sahel | p. 120 |
| Overstocked Game Reserves, East and South Africa | p. 120 |
| Rise and Fall of Opuntia, Australia | p. 121 |
| Comment | p. 124 |
| Altered Forest, Woodland, and Brushland Fire Regimes | p. 126 |
| Conifer and Hardwood Forests, Great Lakes Region | p. 126 |
| Conifer Forests and Woodlands, Western United States | p. 128 |
| Retreat of Proteaceae, South Africa | p. 132 |
| Eucalyptus Forest Dieback, Western Australia | p. 133 |
| Comment | p. 133 |
| Altered River Flood Regimes | p. 134 |
| High Plains, North Dakota and Nebraska | p. 134 |
| Dammed Rivers, Arizona | p. 135 |
| Mississippi River Deltaic Plain | p. 137 |
| Comment | p. 138 |
| Discussion of Modern and Historical Migrations | p. 139 |
| Changes in Dispersal | p. 139 |
| Changes in Environment | p. 141 |
| Changes in Both Dispersal and Environment | p. 141 |
| Prehistoric Migrations | p. 143 |
| Last Glacial and Holocene | p. 145 |
| Northwestern Europe | p. 146 |
| Late Glacial: Dryas I | p. 148 |
| Allerod Interstadial | p. 149 |
| Dryas II | p. 151 |
| Holocene: Preboreal | p. 151 |
| Boreal | p. 152 |
| Atlantic | p. 152 |
| Subboreal | p. 153 |
| Subatlantic | p. 153 |
| Changing Interpretation of Postglacial Migrations | p. 154 |
| Eastern and Midwestern North America | p. 156 |
| Full Glacial | p. 157 |
| Late Glacial | p. 157 |
| Holocene Epoch | p. 161 |
| Problems of Interpretation | p. 162 |
| Southwestern United States | p. 165 |
| Full Glacial | p. 165 |
| Late Glacial | p. 168 |
| Holocene | p. 169 |
| Problems of Interpretation | p. 171 |
| Northern South America | p. 173 |
| Japan | p. 176 |
| East Africa | p. 178 |
| Pleistocene Before Last Glacial | p. 180 |
| Northwestern Europe | p. 180 |
| Southern California | p. 184 |
| Northern Andes | p. 184 |
| Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) | p. 186 |
| North-Central Europe | p. 187 |
| Western North America | p. 188 |
| Arcto-Tertiary Flora | p. 191 |
| Madro-Tertiary Flora | p. 192 |
| Middle America | p. 194 |
| The Deep Past | p. 195 |
| Paleozoic and Mesozoic Gymnosperms | p. 198 |
| Origin of Gymnosperms | p. 198 |
| Carboniferous | p. 199 |
| Permian | p. 200 |
| Triassic and Jurassic | p. 200 |
| Cretaceous | p. 202 |
| Cretaceous Angiosperms | p. 203 |
| Neocomian | p. 204 |
| Barremian | p. 205 |
| Aptian | p. 205 |
| Albian | p. 206 |
| Cenomanian | p. 206 |
| Turonian | p. 207 |
| Coniacean-Campanian | p. 207 |
| Maestrichtian | p. 208 |
| Cretaceous-Tertiary Transition | p. 209 |
| Paleogene (Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene) | p. 209 |
| Discussion of Prehistoric Migrations | p. 212 |
| Migration and Evolution | p. 215 |
| Deductive Interrelationships | p. 217 |
| Theoretical Model Integrating Mechanisms of Migration and Evolution | p. 217 |
| Hypothetical Parallels and Feedbacks Between Migration and Evolution | p. 218 |
| Case Histories of Evolution Associated with Migration | p. 219 |
| Local Expansion and Diversification of Coherent Populations | p. 219 |
| Colonization of Mine Dumps in Britain | p. 219 |
| Mimicry of Crops by Weeds | p. 220 |
| Evolution of Weeds from Cultivars | p. 221 |
| Comment | p. 221 |
| Geographic Retreat and Genetic Impoverishment of Coherent Populations | p. 222 |
| Geographic Disjunction and Genetic Divergence of Separate Populations | p. 222 |
| The Slender Wild Oat in Central California | p. 222 |
| Endemics on Juan Fernandez Islands | p. 222 |
| Comment | p. 223 |
| Geographic Overlap and Hybridization Between Formerly Discrete Species | p. 223 |
| Introgression Between Native Species Disturbed Habitats | p. 223 |
| Hybridization Following Long-Range Introduction | p. 226 |
| Allopolyploid Speciation Following Long-Range Migration | p. 227 |
| Comment | p. 228 |
| Migration Without Evolution? | p. 230 |
| Conclusion | p. 233 |
| Appendix | p. 237 |
| References | p. 249 |
| Index to Genera | p. 277 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
