Philosophical Studies

One: Attributes.- One/Attribute-Agreement and the Problem of Universals.- I. Attribute-Agreement: Three Interpretations.- II. Attribute-Agreement: The Nature of the Debate.- Two/Predication and Universals.- I. Realism and Predication.- II. Alleged Counter-Examples to (I).- III. The Alleged Circularity of (I).- IV. (I) and Infinite Regresses.- V. The Reference of Predicate-Terms.- VI. The Truth of Subject-Predicate Discourse.- Three/Resemblance and Universals.- I. The Alleged Non-Eliminability of Resemblance.- II. The Alleged Incompleteness of Resemblance-Claims.- III. The Ground of Resemblance.- Four/Abstract Reference and Universals.- I. Higher Level Quantification.- II. Abstract Singular Terms.- III. Extreme Nominalism and Abstract Singular Terms.- IV. Nominalism and Abstract Singular Terms.- V. The Metalinguistic Interpretation of Abstract Singular Terms.- VI. Conclusion.- Five/Towards A Realistic Ontology.- I. The Existence of Universals.- II. Universals as Necessary Beings.- III. More Platonism.- IV. The Identity-Conditions for Universals.- V. How Many Universals Are There?.- VI. Conclusion.- Two: Substances.- Six/Two theories of substance.- I. Bare Substrata.- II. Bundles, Clusters, and Collections.- III. Problems in the Bundle Theory: Bare Substrata Revisited.- Seven/The Bundle Theory.- I. The Contingency of Substance.- II. Identity and Change.- III. Subject-Predicate Discourse.- IV. The Identity of Indiscernibles.- V. Russell's Way Out.- Eight/Bare Substrata.- I. The Introduction of Bare Substrata.- II. Empiricism and Bare Substrata.- III. The Inconsistency of Substratum Ontologies.- IV. Bare Substrata and Essential Properties.- V. Modified Substrata and Individuation.- Nine/Towards A Substance-Theory Of Substance.- I. The Dilemma of Individuation.- II. Substances and Their Kinds.- III. A Substance-Theory of Substance.- IV. Essentialism.- V. Substances and Their Parts.- VI. Genera and Species.- VII. Individual Essences.- Epilogue.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.