Paving Our Ways

Contents

Preface: What is a road pavement? ix

Authors xiii

1 How pavements are affected by traffic and weather 1

2 Early pavements in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Crete and Greece 7

3 Making pavements using local materials and simple equipment 13

4 The essential paving properties of soil, sand and stones 27

5 Paving ways through swamps and bogs 37

6 Roman pavements - a major advance in pavement quality and extent 43

7 Pavement management processes from medieval Europe 51

8 Tresaguet and Telford lead a pavement renaissance in France and England 59

9 McAdam invents a major new pavement using broken stones 67

10 Using masonry methods to produce pavements for heavy traffic 87

11 The essential paving properties of bitumen, asphalt and cement 99

12 Three unique pavement engineers - Metcalf, McAdam and Mountain 105

13 The first asphalt pavements, produced in 19th-century France and England 113

14 A new form of pavement using thin, sprayed bituminous surfacings 131

15 Asphalt paving produced to carry 20th-century truck traffic 137

16 The design of asphalt pavements - a predominantly American initiative 151

17 The 20th-century development of concrete pavements 165

18 Chemical and physical means of modifying local materials for paving 175

19 Devices and methods for measuring and evaluating pavement performance 181

20 Full-scale testing of pavements to validate designs using local materials 207

21 Possible future pavements, with an emphasis on recycling 229

22 How pavements could be funded and operated in future years 235

Timeline 239

Bibliography 253

End Notes 269

Index 291