Preface 8
Abbreviations 9
Introduction
1 The normal human cell 14
2 Fluid dynamics 18
Tissue damage
3 Tissue types and the effect of tissue damage 22
4 Cell death 26
5 Harmful agents in the environment 28
6 The effects of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs 32
7 Nutritional disorders 36
Inflammation and immunity
8 The body’s natural defences 40
9 B cells and immunoglobulins 44
10 T cells and the TCR 46
11 The major histocompatibility complex 50
12 Primary and secondary lymphoid organs and the monocyte–macrophage (reticuloendothelial) system 52
13 Acute inflammation 56
14 Chronic inflammation 60
15 Wound healing and repair 62
16 Infection and immunodeficiency 64
17 Shock 68
18 Tolerance and autoimmune disease 72
19 Hypersensitivity reactions 76
20 Overview of inflammation and immunity 80
Genetics
21 Cell division 84
22 Genetic disease 86
Neoplasia
23 Disordered cell growth 92
24 Basic concepts in neoplasia 96
25 Tumorigenesis and oncogenesis 100
26 Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes 102
27 Common carcinoma histological subtypes 106
28 Tumour prognosis and treatment 108
Methods in histocytopathology
29 Basic techniques in histopathology 112
30 Cytopathology 116
31 Molecular pathology 118
Multisystems disease
32 Sarcoidosis and syphilis 122
33 Wilson’s disease and haemochromatosis 124
34 Systemic vasculitis 126
Cardiovascular disease
35 Normal blood vessels and types of aneurysm 130
36 Congenital heart disease 134
37 Systemic hypertension 136
38 Atherosclerosis 138
39 Coronary heart disease 142
40 Thrombosis 146
41 Embolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation 150
42 Cardiac valvular disease 154
43 Myocardial and pericardial disease 156
Respiratory disease
44 Pulmonary vascular disorders 160
45 Pneumonia 162
46 Bronchiectasis 164
47 Tuberculosis 166
48 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 170
49 Fibrosing alveolitis 172
50 Primary lung carcinoma 174
51 Other tumours of the lung and pleura 176
Gastrointestinal tract disease
52 Malabsorption 180
53 Peptic ulceration and Helicobacter pylori 184
54 Oesophageal disease 188
55 Tumours of the stomach and small intestine 192
56 Mechanical disease of the gastrointestinal tract 196
57 Inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease 198
58 Colorectal polyps, colorectal cancer and anal carcinoma 202
Hepatic and pancreaticobiliary disease
59 Normal liver and the effects of liver damage 208
60 Jaundice, gallstones and carcinoma of the gallbladder 210
61 Fatty liver disease: alcoholic and non-alcoholic 212
62 Autoimmune liver disease: AIH, PBC, PSC 216
63 Viral hepatitis 220
64 Cirrhosis 224
65 Acute and chronic pancreatitis 228
66 Tumours of the liver, biliary tree and pancreas 232
Genitourinary tract disease
67 Congenital and inherited abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract 236
68 The nephron and renal aspects of hypertension 240
69 Glomerulonephritis 242
70 Important types of glomerulonephritis 244
71 Tubulointerstitial diseases 248
72 Renal neoplasms 252
73 Bladder tumours 254
74 Testicular cancer 256
75 Prostatic disease 258
Gynaecological and obstetric disease
76 Vulval and vaginal pathology 262
77 Cervical cancer 266
78 Benign uterine conditions 270
79 Uterine malignancies 272
80 Ovarian neoplasia: part one 274
81 Ovarian neoplasia: part two 278
82 Obstetric pathology 280
83 Paediatric tumours 284
Nervous system disease
84 Cerebrovascular accidents 288
85 Cerebrovascular accident syndromes 290
86 Raised intracranial pressure 292
87 Traumatic injury and intracranial haemorrhage 294
88 Central nervous system tumours 296
89 Infections of the nervous system 298
90 Movement disorders 300
91 Acquired disorders of myelination 304
92 Dementia 306
Endocrine disease
93 Pituitary pathology 310
94 Non-neoplastic pathology of the thyroid 312
95 Thyroid neoplasms 314
96 Parathyroid gland pathology 316
97 Adrenal pathology 318
98 Diabetes mellitus 320
Head and neck pathology
99 Head and neck pathology 324
Lymphoreticular disease
100 Assorted haematological conditions 328
101 Leukaemia 330
102 Lymphoma 332
103 Myeloma 336
104 Myeloproliferative disorders 338
Musculoskeletal disease
105 Muscle disorders 342
106 Arthritis 344
107 Miscellaneous non-neoplastic osteoarticular pathology 348
108 Bone tumours 352
Skin disease
109 Inflammatory dermatoses 356
110 Benign skin tumours 358
111 Malignant skin tumours 360
Breast disease
112 Benign breast disease 364
113 Breast carcinoma 366
Case studies and questions 368
Answers 373
Glossary 378
Reference ranges 380
Index 381
