Preface ix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Optomechanical Systems, 2
1.2 Optomechanical Engineering, 4
1.3 Optomechanical Systems Engineering, 9
References, 15
2 Optical Fundamentals 17
2.1 Geometrical Optics, 18
2.2 Image Quality, 26
Problems, 33
References, 34
3 Optical Fabrication 35
3.1 Index of Refraction, 38
3.2 Surface Curvature, 41
3.3 Surface Figure, 43
3.4 Surface Finish, 48
3.5 Surface Quality, 49
3.6 Center Thickness, 50
3.7 Wedge, 51
3.8 Clear Aperture, 53
Problems, 54
References, 55
4 Optical Alignment 57
4.1 Types of Misalignments, 58
4.1.1 Tilt, 59
4.1.2 Decenter, 61
4.1.3 Despace, 62
4.1.4 Defocus, 62
4.2 Alignment Requirements, 64
4.3 Correction and Mitigation, 66
4.4 Pointing and Boresighting, 70
Problems, 75
References, 76
5 Structural Design-Mechanical Elements 77
5.1 Stress, Strain, and Stiffness, 78
5.2 Mechanics, 82
5.3 Beam Stresses and Strains, 85
5.3.1 Bending Stresses, 86
5.3.2 Bending Strain, 89
5.3.3 Shear Stresses and Strains, 94
5.4 Structural Geometries, 95
5.5 Structural Materials, 99
5.5.1 Specific Stiffness, 100
5.5.2 Microcreep, 102
5.5.3 Materials Selection, 103
Problems, 104
References, 105
6 Structural Design-Optical Components 107
6.1 Structural Plates, 109
6.1.1 Windows, Lenses, and Mirrors, 109
6.1.2 Poisson's Ratio, 111
6.1.3 Plate Bending, 113
6.1.4 Contact Stresses, 115
6.1.5 Stress Concentrations, 120
6.2 Glass Strength, 122
6.2.1 Fracture Toughness, 122
6.2.2 Weibull Statistics, 126
Problems, 130
References, 131
7 Structural Design-Vibrations 133
7.1 Sinusoidal Vibrations, 137
7.1.1 Free Vibrations, 137
7.1.2 Forced Vibrations, 140
7.1.3 Damping, 142
7.2 Random Vibrations, 146
7.3 Continuous Systems, 150
7.4 Structural Design and Materials Selection, 157
7.5 Vibration Isolation, 159
7.6 Vibration Compensation, 166
Problems, 168
References, 169
8 Thermal Design 171
8.1 Thermostructural Design, 173
8.1.1 Thermal Expansion, 173
8.1.2 Thermal Stress, 178
8.2 Thermo-Optic and Stress-Optic Effects, 181
8.2.1 Thermo-Optic Effect, 182
8.2.2 Stress-Optic Effect, 185
8.3 Heat Transfer, 187
8.3.1 Conduction, 187
8.3.2 Convection, 193
8.3.3 Radiation, 196
8.4 Thermal Management, 201
8.4.1 Heaters, 202
8.4.2 Fans, 203
8.4.3 Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs), 203
8.4.4 Thermoelectric Coolers (TECs), 204
8.5 Material Properties and Selection, 205
8.5.1 Thermal Expansion, 206
8.5.2 Thermal Distortion, 207
8.5.3 Thermal Mass, 208
8.5.4 Thermal Diffusivity, 209
8.5.5 Thermal Shock, 210
Problems, 211
References, 212
9 Kinematic Design 215
9.1 Kinematic and Semi-Kinematic Mounts, 216
9.2 Optical Component Mounts, 222
9.3 Positioning and Alignment Mechanisms, 227
9.4 Material Properties and Selection, 233
Problems, 235
References, 235
10 System Design 237
10.1 STOP Analysis, 239
10.2 WFE and Zernike Polynomials, 243
10.3 Material Trades, 246
References, 250
Index 251
