Preface ix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 History Background and Brief Overview 1
1.2 Importance and Applications in Various Fields 9
References 10
2 Fundamentals of Optoelectronic Tweezers 13
2.1 Types of OET Device 13
2.1.1 Conventional OET Device 13
2.1.2 Photovoltaic OET Device 15
2.2 Working Mechanisms 16
2.2.1 Dielectrophoretic Effect 18
2.2.2 Electrophoretic Effect 20
2.2.3 Electroosmotic Effect 21
2.2.4 Electrothermal Effect 22
2.2.5 Finite Element Simulation Analysis 23
References 25
3 Optics and Light Source 29
3.1 Optics Involved in Optoelectronic Tweezers 29
3.1.1 Principle of Lens Imaging 29
3.1.2 Optical Aberration 34
3.1.2.1 Defocus 34
3.1.2.2 Spherical Aberration 35
3.1.2.3 Coma 37
3.1.2.4 Astigmatism 38
3.1.2.5 Field Curvature 40
3.1.2.6 Image Distortion 41
3.1.2.7 Chromatic or Color Aberration 42
3.2 Light Source and Characteristics 44
3.2.1 Lcd 44
3.2.2 Dmd 46
3.2.3 LCoS 47
3.2.4 Led 48
3.2.5 Laser 50
3.2.6 Mercury-Vapor Lamp 51
References 53
4 Electro-optical Interactions 55
4.1 Interaction Between Light and Electric Fields 55
4.1.1 Photoelectric Effect 55
4.1.2 Photoconductive Effect 56
4.1.3 Photoelectric Conversion 57
4.2 Selection and Preparation of Photoelectric Materials 60
4.2.1 Selection of Photoelectric Materials in OET Chip 60
4.2.2 Photoelectric Material Preparation Technology 61
4.2.3 Preparation of Amorphous Silicon Materials 61
4.2.4 Preparation of a Cadmium Sulfide Photoelectric Film 63
4.2.4.1 Electrochemical Plating 64
4.2.4.2 Chemical Plating 65
4.2.5 Preparation of TiOPc 65
4.2.6 Micro-well Array Photolithography 66
4.2.7 Characterization of Photoelectric Film Properties 69
4.2.7.1 Structure and Morphology Characterization 69
4.2.7.2 Optical Characterization 70
4.2.7.3 Electrical Properties 72
References 73
5 Experimental Techniques and Setups 75
5.1 Overview of Experimental Setup 75
5.2 Detailed Description of the Optoelectronic Tweezer Device 77
5.2.1 Optical Path Design 77
5.2.2 Optical Path Simulation 81
5.2.3 Experimental Control Strategy Design 82
5.2.4 System Construction 84
5.3 Advanced OET Product Introduction 89
5.4 Common Challenges and Solutions 92
5.4.1 Hardware System 92
5.4.2 Software System 94
References 96
6 Applications in Biology 99
6.1 Manipulation of Biological Entities 99
6.1.1 Cell Sorting 99
6.1.2 Cell Trapping 108
6.2 Biomedical Applications and Advancements 114
6.2.1 Immunoreaction Analysis 114
6.2.2 Cell Analysis 117
6.2.3 Cell Lysis 119
6.2.4 Commercial Application 121
References 123
7 Applications in Physics and Materials Science 129
7.1 Manipulation of Microparticles 129
7.2 Manipulation of Nanoparticles 132
7.2.1 Nanoparticles 132
7.2.2 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes 133
7.2.3 Nanowires 135
7.3 Manipulation of Droplet 137
7.4 Manipulation of Micromachines 139
References 140
8 Integration with Other Technologies 143
8.1 Integration with Microfluidics 143
8.2 Photocuring Technology 151
8.3 Electrowetting Technology 152
8.3.1 Digital Microfluidics 152
8.3.2 Optoelectrowetting Technology 153
8.4 Image Recognition 154
8.4.1 Trajectory Planning 154
8.4.2 Measurement of Various Cell Parameters 157
References 159
9 Case Studies and Experiments 161
9.1 In-Depth Analysis of Notable Experiments 161
9.1.1 Detection of Single B Cells Producing RBD-Neutralizing Antibodies 161
9.1.2 Assuring Clonality of Single Cell Development 163
9.1.3 Isolation of RH5-Specific B Cells 165
9.1.4 Screening of Antibody-Secreting Single B Cells 168
9.1.5 Development of CAR Cell Library and CAR Screening 168
9.2 Case Studies Showcasing Diverse Applications 171
References 178
10 Challenges and Future Directions 181
10.1 Current Challenges 181
10.2 Innovation and Ongoing Research 182
10.3 Future Development Direction and Suggestions 183
References 184
Index 187
