New-Dialect Formation

The Inevitability of Colonial Englishes

By: Peter Trudgill

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Paperback | 5 January 2006

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This book presents a controversial theory about the formation of new colonial dialects, examining Latin American Spanish, Canadian French, and North American English, with a special focus on Australian, South African, and New Zealand English.

Industry Reviews

Trudgill's book is as engaging and readable as we have come to expect from him. It would be well suited for use as a general textbook and should certainly be on the reading list for any undergraduate or (post-)graduate course dealing with language contact. 'Trudgill's book is as engaging and readable as we have come to expect from him. It would be well suited for use as a general textbook and should certainly be on the reading list for any undergraduate or (post-)graduate course dealing with language contact.' - English Language and Linguistics, 10.1, 2006 Trudgill's book is as engaging and readable as we have come to expect from him. It would be well suited for use as a general textbook and should certainly be on the reading list for any undergraduate or (post-)graduate course dealing with language contact. 'Trudgill's book is as engaging and readable as we have come to expect from him. It would be well suited for use as a general textbook and should certainly be on the reading list for any undergraduate or (post-)graduate course dealing with language contact.' - English Language and Linguistics, 10.1, 2006

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Preface	p. ix
The database	p. x
Maps and vowel charts	p. xiii
Colonial dialects as mixed dialects	p. 1
Colonial Englishes	p. 3
Dialect contact and colonial dialects	p. 7
Monogenetic theories	p. 7
Dialect mixture - the consensus	p. 11
Social dialect mixture	p. 14
Regional dialect mixture	p. 16
Mixture and similarity	p. 20
The Southern Hemisphere Englishes	p. 23
Determinism in linguistic change	p. 26
Colonial lag and Southern Hemisphere evidence for nineteenth-century British English	p. 31
The short vowels of nineteenth-century English	p. 37
The vowels of Kit, Dress and Trap	p. 37
England	p. 37
Scotland	p. 38
Southern Hemisphere evidence	p. 42
British evidence	p. 44
Trap	p. 44
Dress	p. 45
Kit	p. 47
Conclusion	p. 48
The vowel of Lot	p. 48
The long vowels of nineteenth-century English	p. 49
Closing diphthongs	p. 49
Southern Hemisphere evidence	p. 50
British evidence	p. 51
Mouth	p. 52
Price	p. 52
Goat and Face	p. 52
Face	p. 55
Goat	p. 55
Goose	p. 55
Fleece	p. 59
Conclusion	p. 59
The long monophthongs	p. 59
Start	p. 59
The Trap-Bath split	p. 59
The Bath set	p. 61
Southern Hemisphere evidence	p. 62
British evidence	p. 62
Start Backing	p. 63
Southern Hemisphere evidence	p. 63
British evidence	p. 64
The Thought-North-Force vowel	p. 64
Southern Hemisphere evidence	p. 66
British evidence	p. 67
The consonants of nineteenth-century English	p. 67
The phonology and phonetics of /r/	p. 67
Rhoticity	p. 67
Southern Hemisphere evidence	p. 68
British evidence	p. 69
The phonetics of /r/	p. 69
Southern Hemisphere evidence	p. 71
H Dropping	p. 72
Southern Hemisphere evidence	p. 73
British evidence	p. 74
The /hw/-/w/ Merger	p. 77
Southern Hemisphere evidence	p. 77
British evidence	p. 77
/l/	p. 79
Southern Hemisphere evidence	p. 79
British evidence	p. 80
T Glottalling	p. 80
Southern Hemisphere evidence	p. 80
British evidence	p. 81
Preglottalisation	p. 81
Southern Hemisphere evidence	p. 82
British evidence	p. 82
New-dialect formation: Stage I - rudimentary levelling and interdialect development	p. 83
New-dialect formation	p. 84
Mixing	p. 84
Levelling	p. 84
Unmarking	p. 85
Interdialect development	p. 86
Reallocation	p. 87
Focussing	p. 88
Stage I	p. 89
Rudimentary levelling	p. 89
Interdialect development	p. 94
Stage II - variability and apparent levelling in new-dialect formation	p. 100
Extreme variability	p. 101
Original combinations	p. 103
Intra-individual variability	p. 105
Inter-individual variability	p. 106
Apparent levelling	p. 109
The Threshold Rider	p. 110
Stage III - determinism in new-dialect formation	p. 113
The survival of majority forms	p. 113
Non-southeastern features	p. 116
H Retention	p. 116
Absence of Glide Cluster Reduction	p. 117
Absence of Start Backing	p. 117
The Weak Vowel Merger	p. 117
Word phonology	p. 120
Southeastern features	p. 121
The short front vowels	p. 121
Diphthong Shift	p. 121
The rounded Lot vowel	p. 122
/a:/ in Dance	p. 122
Conclusion	p. 123
Reallocation	p. 124
Randomness and transmission in new-dialect formation	p. 125
Conclusion	p. 127
Drift: parallel developments in the Southern Hemisphere Englishes	p. 129
The theory of drift	p. 131
Nineteenth-century changes already in progress	p. 133
Fronted and lowered Strut	p. 133
Nineteenth-century innovations	p. 136
Happy Tensing	p. 137
Glide Weakening	p. 138
The Nurse vowel	p. 142
Later innovations	p. 145
The Second Force Merger	p. 145
The Near-Square Merger	p. 145
The short front vowels again	p. 146
Determinism and social factors	p. 148
Patterns of interaction	p. 148
Prestige	p. 151
Stigma	p. 153
Identity and ideology	p. 156
The new-dialect formation scenario	p. 158
Uniformity	p. 160
Complications	p. 162
The Founder Effect	p. 163
Conclusion	p. 164
References	p. 166
Index	p. 177
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

New-Dialect Formation

The Inevitability of Colonial Englishes

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