| Contributors | p. xi |
| Preface | p. xv |
| Neuromodulation: Analysis Techniques | p. 1 |
| Use of Quantitative EEG to Predict Therapeutic Outcome in Neuropsychiatric Disorders | p. 3 |
| Introduction | p. 3 |
| Foundations of Clinical EEG: Reliability | p. 4 |
| Quantitative EEG | p. 5 |
| Quantitative EEG/ERP and Medication Management | p. 7 |
| Prediction of Neurofeedback Protocol Efficacy | p. 12 |
| Using EEG to Guide Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | p. 17 |
| Conclusion | p. 19 |
| References | p. 20 |
| EEG Source Analysis: Methods and Clinical Implications | p. 25 |
| Introduction | p. 25 |
| Method | p. 27 |
| Clinical Examples | p. 39 |
| Discussion | p. 43 |
| References | p. 44 |
| ERP-Based Endophenotypes: Application in Diagnosis and Neurotherapy | p. 47 |
| Introduction | p. 47 |
| Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) | p. 48 |
| Theoretical Considerations | p. 49 |
| New Methods in ERP Analysis | p. 52 |
| HBI Reference Database | p. 53 |
| GO/NO-GO Task | p. 53 |
| Methodology of Decomposition of Collection of ERPs into Independent Components | p. 56 |
| Methodology of Decomposition of Individual ERPs into Independent Components | p. 57 |
| Independent Components in GO/NO-GO Task | p. 58 |
| Application of ERP/ICA Methodology for ADHD - Response Inhibition | p. 65 |
| ERPs as Indexes of Neurofeedback Efficacy | p. 66 |
| ERPs as Index of tDCS effect | p. 70 |
| References | p. 73 |
| EEG Vigilance and Phenotypes in Neuropsychiatry: Implications for Intervention | p. 79 |
| Introduction | p. 79 |
| History of EEG Research in ADHD and Depression | p. 83 |
| EEG and qEEG: Models and Theory | p. 94 |
| EEG Vigilance Model | p. 95 |
| EEG Phenotype Model | p. 105 |
| EEG Phenotype vs. EEG Vigilance: Towards a Coherent Model? | p. 112 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 115 |
| References | p. 115 |
| Endogenous Neuromodulation Strategies | p. 125 |
| Neurofeedback with Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study | p. 127 |
| Introduction | p. 128 |
| Method | p. 132 |
| Results | p. 139 |
| Discussion | p. 141 |
| Conclusions | p. 148 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 148 |
| References | p. 148 |
| Emerging Empirical Evidence Supporting Connectivity-Guided Neurofeedback for Autistic Disorders | p. 153 |
| Introduction | p. 153 |
| Major Treatments for ASD: An Overview | p. 155 |
| Neurofeedback for ASD | p. 168 |
| qEEG Evaluation and ASD | p. 170 |
| Discussion | p. 175 |
| References | p. 176 |
| Neurofeedback and Epilepsy | p. 183 |
| Introduction | p. 183 |
| Research Synopsis | p. 184 |
| Clinical Protocols | p. 186 |
| Individualizing Neurofeedback Based on qEEG Findings | p. 187 |
| Low Energy Neurofeedback System (LENS) | p. 198 |
| Observations and Implications for Future Direction | p. 200 |
| References | p. 201 |
| Feedback of Slow Cortical Potentials: Basic, Application, and Evidence | p. 205 |
| Basics | p. 206 |
| Technical and Training Requirements | p. 209 |
| Diagnosis and Evaluation | p. 215 |
| Evidence Base and Indications | p. 217 |
| Conclusion | p. 222 |
| References | p. 222 |
| Real-Time Regulation and Detection of Brain States from fMRI Signals | p. 227 |
| Introduction | p. 227 |
| Historical Development of Real-Time fMRI | p. 228 |
| Overview of the fMRI-BCI System | p. 232 |
| fMRA-BCI in Research and Clinical Treatment | p. 238 |
| Conclusions | p. 248 |
| References | p. 249 |
| Exogenous Neuromodulation Strategies | p. 255 |
| Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Depression: Protocols, Mechanisms, and New Developments | p. 257 |
| Introduction | p. 257 |
| Protocols | p. 261 |
| Mechanisms of rTMS Treatment in Depression | p. 270 |
| New Developments | p. 277 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 282 |
| References | p. 283 |
| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Tinnitus | p. 293 |
| Tinnitus: Introduction | p. 293 |
| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | p. 296 |
| Conclusion | p. 311 |
| References | p. 312 |
| Neurophysiological Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation | p. 319 |
| Introduction | p. 319 |
| The Growing Field of Brain Stimulation | p. 320 |
| Electrophysiology of tDCS | p. 323 |
| Neurochemistry of tDCS | p. 337 |
| Safety Considerations for tDCS | p. 340 |
| Conclusions and Future Directions | p. 341 |
| Acknowledgment | p. 344 |
| References | p. 344 |
| Mechanism of Change and Long-Term Consolidation: Beginning Evidence | p. 351 |
| Functional Neuroimaging Evidence Supporting Neurofeedback in ADHD | p. 353 |
| Introduction | p. 353 |
| Biological Basis of ADHD | p. 354 |
| Impact of Neurofeedback Training on the Neural Substrates of Selective Attention and Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD | p. 361 |
| Putative Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Neurofeedback in ADHD | p. 366 |
| Conclusion | p. 368 |
| References | p. 369 |
| The Immediate Effects of EEG Neurofeedback on Cortical Excitability and Synchronization | p. 381 |
| Introduction | p. 381 |
| Methods | p. 383 |
| Results | p. 387 |
| Discussion | p. 395 |
| References | p. 399 |
| Enduring Effects of Neurofeedback in Children | p. 403 |
| Introduction | p. 403 |
| Neurofeedback as a Treatment for Children with ADHD | p. 405 |
| Long-Term Effects of Neurofeedback | p. 406 |
| Neurofeedback as a Treatment for Children with ASD | p. 408 |
| Enduring Behavioral and Neuropsychological Benefits of Neurofeedback in ASD | p. 413 |
| Discussion | p. 417 |
| Acknowledgment | p. 419 |
| References | p. 419 |
| Index | p. 423 |
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