| Introducing Nanoneuroscience as a Distinct Discipline | p. 1 |
| The Definition of Nanoneuroscience | p. 2 |
| Current Issues in Neuroscience | p. 4 |
| The Great Mysteries of Neuroscience: Higher Cognitive Functions | p. 5 |
| Neurological, Neurodevelopmental, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Prospects for Nanoneuroscience | p. 12 |
| Current Issues in Nanoscience | p. 15 |
| The Origins of Nanoscience | p. 15 |
| The Mission of Nanoscience | p. 16 |
| Nanostructures, Nanoparticles, and Nanodevices | p. 17 |
| Applications in Nanoneuroscience | p. 19 |
| Using Nanotechnology to Study Brain Tissue Response | p. 20 |
| Nanoneuroscience Approaches to Neurological, Neurodevelopmental, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders | p. 22 |
| References | p. 27 |
| Nanoscale Components of Neurons: From Biomolecules to Nanodevices | p. 35 |
| Intracellular Components of Neurons | p. 36 |
| The Neuronal Membrane and Protein Complexes Related to Neurotransmission | p. 36 |
| Ion Channels and Ligand-Binding Receptor Proteins | p. 38 |
| Scaffolding Proteins, Signal Transduction Cascades, and Cell Adhesion Molecules | p. 45 |
| DNA, mRNA, and the Golgi Apparatus in Neurons: Transcription, Translation, and Packaging in Synaptic Vesicles | p. 46 |
| The Neuronal Cytoskeleton | p. 50 |
| Mitochondria in Neurons | p. 63 |
| Nanoengineering and Neurons | p. 65 |
| Nanoparticles and Their Interactions with Receptors and Signal Transduction Molecules | p. 68 |
| DNA Nanodevices | p. 69 |
| Microtubule and Actin Filament Interactions with Nanomaterials | p. 69 |
| Future Directions of Nanodevice-Cell Hybrid Designs | p. 70 |
| References | p. 73 |
| The Cytoskeleton as a Nanoscale Information Processor | p. 85 |
| Electrical Properties of Actin and Actin Filaments | p. 86 |
| The Actin Monomer: Structure, Surface Charge, and Electric Dipole | p. 87 |
| Actin Filaments: Counterions and Charge Density Waves | p. 88 |
| Actin Filaments: Electric Cable Properties | p. 88 |
| Electrical Properties of Tubulin and Microtubules | p. 90 |
| Structure, Surface Charge, and Electric Dipole of Tubulin | p. 91 |
| Distinct Tubulin Isoforms Differ in Their Biophysical Characteristics | p. 94 |
| Microtubules: Lattice Structure, Elastic Properties, Surface Charge, and Electric Dipole | p. 96 |
| Microtubules: Ferroelectric and Pyroelectric Properties | p. 97 |
| Conductance of Electrical Signals Along Microtubules | p. 98 |
| Linking the Excitable Neuronal Membrane with the Cytoskeleton: Functional Implications | p. 101 |
| Actin Filaments Connect the Neuronal Membrane with the Microtubule Matrix | p. 101 |
| Does the Intracellular Cytoskeletal Matrix Compute and Determine Cell Structure and Function? | p. 103 |
| Information Storage in the Intracellular Cytoskeletal Matrix: A Role in Memory | p. 107 |
| A Dendritic Cytoskeleton Information Processing Model | p. 112 |
| References | p. 119 |
| Nanocarriers and Intracellular Transport | p. 129 |
| Types of Transport in Neurons | p. 130 |
| Motor, Adaptor, and Scaffolding Proteins | p. 131 |
| Kinesins | p. 131 |
| Dynein | p. 134 |
| Myosin | p. 135 |
| Mechanisms of Axonal Transport and Nanotechnology | p. 136 |
| Axonal Transport of Neurotransmitter-Related Proteins | p. 138 |
| Axonal Transport of Neurotrophins | p. 140 |
| Axonal Transport of Cytoskeletal Proteins | p. 142 |
| Dendritic Transport | p. 143 |
| Transport of Neurotransmitter Receptors into Dendrites | p. 144 |
| Transport of mRNA into Dendrites | p. 145 |
| Cytoskeleton Transport Dynamics with Neural Injury, Regeneration, and Morphogenesis | p. 148 |
| Acute Responses to Neuronal Insult | p. 149 |
| Transport Regulation in Regeneration and Morphogenesis | p. 151 |
| Cytoskeletal Transport in Learning and Memory | p. 153 |
| Biophysical Models of Transport | p. 155 |
| Bioengineering of Transport Molecules and Hybrid Biological Devices | p. 160 |
| References | p. 163 |
| Nanotechnology, Nanostructure, and Nervous System Disorders | p. 177 |
| Identifying Nanomechanical Dysfunction in Nervous System Disorders | p. 178 |
| Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Cytoskeletal Protein Abnormalities and Impaired Transport | p. 178 |
| Fragile X Syndrome: Impaired mRNA Transport | p. 179 |
| Turner Syndrome: Failure of Dendrite Pruning | p. 180 |
| Williams Syndrome: Deletions of Cytoskeleton-Related Proteins | p. 181 |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder: Disruptions of MAPs Due to Deletions of MAP Kinase and Reelin Genes | p. 182 |
| Rett Syndrome: Decreases in MAP2 Possibly Linked to Mutations of the MCEP2 Gene | p. 183 |
| Down Syndrome: Early and Late Defects in the Microtubule and Actin Cytoskeleton | p. 183 |
| Neurological Disorders Involving Nanomechanical Dysfunction | p. 185 |
| Neuromuscular Disorders and Disrupted Axonal Transport | p. 185 |
| Nanomechanical Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: Tauopathies and Impaired Transport | p. 187 |
| Nanomechanical Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Microtubule Instability and Synucleinopathies | p. 191 |
| Huntington's Disease: Involvement of Microtubules and Axonal Transport of Neurotrophin Receptors | p. 193 |
| Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Nanomechanical Dysfunction | p. 194 |
| Schizophrenia: Genetic Mutations of Proteins Linked to Microtubules and Abnormal Neuron Morphology | p. 194 |
| Affective Disorders and Microtubules | p. 196 |
| Nanotechnological Approaches to Nervous System Disorders | p. 198 |
| Nanotechnology and Diagnosis of Nervous System Disorders | p. 198 |
| Nanotechnology Advances in Drug and Gene Delivery | p. 199 |
| Stabilizing the Nanomechanical Machinery in Neurons | p. 201 |
| Nanotechnology, Deep Brain Stimulation, and Neural Plasticity | p. 207 |
| Bioinformatics and Rational Drug Design | p. 208 |
| References | p. 211 |
| Novel Modes of Neural Computation: From Nanowires to Mind | p. 227 |
| Traditional Models of Neural Processing | p. 228 |
| Information Processing in the Intraneuronal Cytoskeletal Matrix | p. 228 |
| Linking Neural Plasticity to Cognition | p. 232 |
| Novel Electric Signaling Modes for Actin Filaments and Microtubules | p. 235 |
| Quantum Computations in Brain Microtubules | p. 236 |
| Classical or Quantum Computations As Autonomous Mechanisms Directing Transport | p. 248 |
| Nanoneuroscience and the Theoretical Physical Basis for Mind | p. 251 |
| Putative Steps for Classical and Quantum Information Processing in the IntraNeuronal Matrix | p. 252 |
| The Intraneuronal Matrix in Perception, Cognition, and Consciousness | p. 255 |
| Quantum Models of Perception, Cognition, and Consciousness | p. 258 |
| Future Directions and Conclusions | p. 260 |
| References | p. 263 |
| Index | p. 275 |
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