Multiple Organ Failure

I Development of SIRS, MODS, and MOF.- 1. History of MOF and Definitions of Organ Failure.- 2. SIRS, MODS, and the Brave New World of ICU Acronyms Have They Helped Us?.- 3. Systemic Inflammatory Response and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: Biologic Domino Effect.- 4. Risk Factors for MOF and Pattern of Organ Failure Following Severe Trauma.- 5. Risk and Setting for Multiple Organ Failure in Medical Patients.- 6. Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Surgical Patients.- II Mechanisms of SIRS and Organ Failure.- 7. Systemic Inflammation After Trauma, Infection, and Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Is Autodestruction a Necessary Evil?.- 8. Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Cardiac Surgery;An Inflammatory Event: Can It Be Modulated?.- 9. Gut: Clinical Importance of Bacterial Translocation, Permeability, and Other Factors.- 10. Mcrocirculatory Arrest Theory of SIRS and MODS.- 11. Infection, Bacteremia, Sepsis, and the Sepsis Syndrome: Metabolic Alterations, Hypermetabolism, and Cellular Alterations.- 12. Ischemia and Reperfusion as a Cause of Multiple Organ Failure.- 13. Endotoxin in Human Disease and Its Endogenous Control.- 14. Untimely Apoptosis in Human SIRS, Sepsis, and MODS.- 15. Immunosuppression with Injury and Operation and Increased Susceptibility to Infection.- III Mediators and Effectors.- 16. Emerging Evidence of a More Complex Role for Proinflammatory and Antunflammatory Cytokines in the Sepsis Response.- 17. Counterregulation of Severe Inflammation: When More Is Too Much and Less Is Inadequate.- 18. Reactive Oxygen Species in Clinical Practice.- 19. Nitric Oxide as a Modulator of Sepsis: Therapeutic Possibilities.- 20. Mast Cells.- 21. Eicosanoids.- 22. Platelet-Activating Factor.- 23. Therapeutic Complement Inhibition.- 24. Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interactions: Review of Adhesion Molecules and Their Role in Organ Injury.- IV Prevention and General Therapy.- 25. Care of Injured Patients in the Field, During Transport, and in the Emergency Department.- 26. Intensive Care Monitoring.- 27. Peritonitis: Management of The Patient with SIRS and MODS.- 28. Hypothermia-Coagulopathy-Acidosis Syndrome: When to Operate/When to Stop Operating.- 29. Early Definitive Fracture Fixation with Polytrauma: Advantages Versus Systemic/Pulmonary Consequences.- 30. Abdominal Compartment Syndrome.- 31. SIRS and MODS: Indications for Surgical Intervention?.- 32. Nosocomial Infections in the ICU.- 33. Modulation of the Hypermetabolic Response After Trauma and Burns.- V Specific Remote Organ Failures.- 34. Circulation.- 35. Effect of Inflammatory Conditions on the Heart.- 36. Lung.- 37. Renal Function and Dysfunction in Multiple Organ Failure.- 38. Metabolic Depletion and Failure: Muscle Cachexia During Injury and Sepsis.- 39. Immunomodulation of Cell-Mediated Responses: Is It Feasible?.- 40. Central Nervous System Failure: Neurotrauma Trials.- 41. Stress Gastritis: Is It a Disappearing Disease?.- 42. Gut and the Immune System: Enteral Nutrition and Immunonutrients.- 43. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation.- 44. Refunctionalization of the Gut.- 45. Liver: Multiple Organ Dysfunction and Failure.- 46. Liver: Hepatic Support and the Bioartificial Liver.- VI Therapeutic Horizons.- 47. Laboratory Markers to Support Early Diagnosis of Infection and Inflammation.- 48. Endotoxin Antagonists.- 49. Blood Purification Therapy to Prevent or Treat MOF.- 50. Antithrombin III and Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor: Two Physiologic Protease Inhibitors of the Coagulation System.- 51. Rationale for Glucocorticoid Treatment in Septic Shock and Unresolving ARDS.- 52. Pathophysiologic and Clinical Importance of Stress-Induced Th1/Th2 T Cell Shifts.- 53. Pathophysiologic and Clinical Role of Interferon-? and Its Release Triggering Cytokines IL-12 and IL-18.- 54. Interleukin-11: Potential Therapeutic Activity in Systemic Inflammatory States.- 55. Minimal Surgical Procedures to Decrease the Stress Response and New Potential Therapeutic Agents.- 56. Wound Healing: Physiology, Clinical Progress, Growth Factors, and the Secret of the Fetus.- 57. Problems with Magic Bullets: Future Trials and Multiagent Therapy.- 58. Maximizing Oxygen Delivery and Consumption: In Whom and for Whom?.- 59. Gut Decontamination: Prevention of Infection and Translocation.- 60. Myocardial Depression: Is It Clinically Relevant?.- 61. Infection: Cause or Result of Organ Failure?.- 62. Hypertonic Solutions.- 63. Blood Substitutes.- 64. Growth Factors G-CSF and GM-CSF: Clinical Options.- 65. Anabolic Effects of Growth Hormone in Critically Ill Patients.- 66. Immunoglobulin Therapy: Where Does It Stand Clinically?.- 67. Horizons in the Anesthetic Care of Injured, Operated, and Stressed Patients.- 68. Integrative Biology and Genetic Variability: MODS' Next Frontiers.- 69. Are We Making Progress in Preventing and Treating MOF?.- 70. Ethical Considerations of MODS, SIRS, and MOF.- 71. Socioeconomic Impact of Multiple Organ Failure.- 72. Future Directions in the Treatment of SIRS and MODS.- 73. Summary and Overview: What Does the Future Hold?.