Multi-Media Document Translation

1. ODA and Document Interchange.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. The EXPRES Project.- 1.1.1. The EXPRES Participants.- 1.1.2. Proposal Submission.- 1.1.3. Scientific Document Interchange.- 1.2. Multi-media Document Interchange.- 1.2.1. Choice of an Intermediate Representation.- 1.2.1.1. Candidates for an Intermediate Representation.- 1.2.2. Document Interchange Goals.- 1.3. Notational Conventions for this Book.- 1.4. Organization of this Book.- 1.4.1. Overall Organization.- 1.4.2. Part 1: Introduction to ODA and Document Interchange.- 1.4.3. Part 2: Introduction to the Tool Kits.- 1.4.4. Part 3: The CMU ODA Tool Kit.- 1.4.5. Part 4: The Raster Graphics Tool Kit.- 1.4.6. Part 5: References and Appendixes.- 2. Document Models and Interchange Fidelity.- 2.1. Parts of a Document Model.- 2.1.1. Document Organization.- 2.1.2. Document Content.- 2.1.3. Document Presentation.- 2.1.3.1. Content Formatting.- 2.1.3.2. Page Layout.- 2.1.3.3. Relationships among Document Pieces and Formatting.- 2.2. Document Editing.- 2.2.1. Manipulating Document Organization.- 2.2.1.1. Naming Structures.- 2.2.1.2. Constraining Structure.- 2.2.1.3. Constraining the Constraint.- 2.2.2. Manipulating Document Content.- 2.2.3. Manipulating Formatting Information.- 2.2.3.1. Embedded Commands.- 2.2.3.2. Direct Manipulation.- 2.2.3.3. Named Manipulation.- 2.2.3.4. Style Systems.- 2.3. Translating Documents.- 2.3.1. Imaging Fidelity.- 2.3.2. Content Fidelity.- 2.3.3. Structural Fidelity.- 2.3.4. Editing Fidelity.- 3. Introduction to the Office Document Architecture.- 3.1. Informal Introduction to the ODA Document Structures.- 3.1.1. Introduction to the ODA Document Structures.- 3.1.2. Logical and Layout Structures.- 3.1.3. Specific and Generic Structures.- 3.1.4. The Layout Process.- 3.1.4.1. An Example of Document Layout.- 3.1.4.2. Positioning of Blocks within Frames.- 3.1.4.3. Changing the Layout.- 3.2. ODA Document Architecture and Processing Model.- 3.2.1. The Document Profile.- 3.2.1.1. Presence of Document Constituents.- 3.2.1.2. Document Characteristics.- 3.2.1.3. Document Management Attributes.- 3.2.2. ODA Document Processing Model.- 3.2.3. The Imaging Process.- 3.2.4. Document Architecture Classes.- 3.2.5. Attribute Values.- 3.2.5.1. String Expressions.- 3.2.5.2. Numeric Expressions.- 3.2.5.3. Object Identifier Expressions.- 3.2.6. Default Attribute Values.- 3.3. ODA Content Architectures.- 3.3.1. Character Content.- 3.3.2. Raster Graphics Content.- 3.3.3. Geometric Graphics Content.- 3.4. Document Application Profiles.- 3.5. ODA and Other Standards.- 3.5.1. Relationship with CCITT Recommendations.- 3.5.2. Use of ASN.1.- 3.5.3. Relationship with SGML.- 4. Document Translation Using ODA.- 4.1. Motivating Another Document Model for EXPRES.- 4.2. Document Model Notation.- 4.3. Available Content.- 4.3.1. Predefined Content Architectures.- 4.3.2. Additional Content Architectures.- 4.4. Document Organization.- 4.4.1. Subsetting the NIST Document Application Profile.- 4.4.2. Mapping Document Organization to ODA.- 4.4.3. Interpreting Generic Logical Structure.- 4.4.3.1. Building the Generic Logical Structure.- 4.5. ODA Structures for Styles and Environments.- 4.5.1. Use of Default Value Lists.- 4.5.2. Adding Constituents for Representing Document Styles.- 4.6. General Page Layout.- 4.7. Generic Layout Structures for General Page Layout.- 4.8. Formatting State Vector.- 4.9. ODA Attribute Values for Styles and Environments.- 4.9.1. General Mapping of Formatting State Vector to ODA.- 4.9.1.1. Attribute Representations.- 4.9.1.2. Generic Layout Representations.- 4.9.2. Diagrams of Attributes.- 4.9.3. Distinguishing Style and Environment Information.- 4.9.4. Left Margin, Right Margin and Paragraph Indentation.- 4.9.4.1. Left Margin and Paragraph Indentation.- 4.9.4.2. Right Margin.- 4.9.4.3. Examples of Changed Margins.- 4.9.5. Paragraph Spread.- 4.9.6. Paragraph Breaks.- 4.9.7. Font Manipulations.- 4.9.8. Content Alignment (Justification).- 4.9.9. Line Spacing.- 4.9.10. Tab Stops.- 4.9.11. Page Breaks.- 4.9.12. Representation of Page Layout Components.- 4.9.12.1. Design and Insertion of a New Page.- 4.9.12.2. Top and Bottom Margins.- 4.9.12.3. Headers and Footers.- 4.9.12.4. Page Numbers.- 4.10. Document Profile.- 4.11. Review.- 5. Experience using ODA.- 5.1. EXPRES Document Systems.- 5.1.1. The Andrew Toolkit (ATK).- 5.1.1.1. Document Model.- 5.1.1.2. Translator Implementation.- 5.1.2. Diamond.- 5.1.2.1. Document Model.- 5.1.2.2. Translator Implementation.- 5.1.3. Interleaf.- 5.1.3.1. Document Model.- 5.1.3.2. Translator Implementation.- 5.1.4. Troff.- 5.1.4.1. Document Model.- 5.1.4.2. Translator Implementation.- 5.2. ISOTEXT Document System.- 5.3. Implemented Document Features.- 5.3.1. Common Limitations of Translators.- 5.3.2. Organization.- 5.3.3. Formatting Instructions.- 5.3.4. Content.- 5.3.5. Editing.- 5.4. EXPRES Demonstrations.- 5.5. Experiences with Interchange.- 5.5.1. Lost Functionality.- 5.5.2. Detail Mismatch.- 5.5.2.1. Style Systems.- 5.5.2.2. Rasters.- 5.5.2.3. Line Spacing.- 5.5.2.4. Fonts.- 5.5.2.5. Document structure.- 5.5.3. Display Artifacts.- 5.5.3.1. Displayed Margins.- 5.5.3.2. Figure Demarcation.- 5.5.3.3. Line Wrapping.- 5.5.4. Difficulties with ODA.- 5.5.4.1. Size.- 5.5.4.2. Redundancy.- 5.5.4.3. Content Architecture.- 5.5.4.4. Attribute Semantics.- 5.5.4.5. Layout (Formatting) Semantics.- 5.5.4.6. Document Application Profiles.- 5.5.4.7. ODA as an Interchange Medium.- 5.6. Summary.- 6. Experience Implementing ODA.- 6.1. The CMU ODA Tool Kit: Motivation and Goals.- 6.2. Functionality Provided by the Tool Kit.- 6.2.1. Data Types.- 6.2.2. Constants and Pseudo-constants.- 6.2.3. Variables.- 6.2.4. Routines.- 6.2.5. Summary.- 6.3. Functionality Not Provided by the Tool Kit.- 6.4. Implementation Decisions.- 6.4.1. Managing the Size of the Tool Kit Description.- 6.4.2. Portability Concerns.- 6.4.2.1. Programming Conventions.- 6.4.2.2. Operating System Dependent Operations.- 6.5. Design Decisions.- 6.5.1. Memory Management.- 6.5.2. Error Handling.- 6.5.3. Information Hiding.- 6.6. Construction Process.- 6.6.1. The CMU ODA Tool Kit Tester.- 6.6.2. The CMU ODA Tool Kit Validation Suite.- 6.6.3. The Configuration Builder.- 6.7. Lessons.- 6.8. Statistics.- 7. Conclusions.- 7.1. The EXPRES Interchange Requirements.- 7.2. Multi-media Document Interchange.- 7.2.1. Daisy-chained Translators.- 7.2.2. Translation to an Intermediate Format.- 7.2.2.1. Explosion.- 7.2.2.2. Loss of Structure.- 7.2.3. Implementing Translators.- 7.2.4. The EXPRES Conventions.- 7.2.5. Translation Fidelity.- 7.2.6. The Feasibility of Document Interchange.- 7.3. Office Document Architecture.- 7.3.1. The Standard.- 7.3.2. Use as an Intermediate Representation.- 7.3.3. Implementation.- 7.3.3.1. Implementing the Defaulting Rules.- 7.3.3.2. Reading and Writing ODIF.- 7.4. The Tool Kits.- 7.4.1. The CMU ODA Tool Kit.- 7.4.2. Raster Graphics Tool Kit.- 7.5. Implementation Strategies.- 7.5.1. Documentation and Specification.- 7.5.2. Programming Conventions.- 7.5.3. The CMU ODA Tool Kit Tester.- 7.5.4. The CMU ODA Tool Kit Validation Suite.- 7.5.5. The Configuration Builder.- 7.6. Summary.- 2. Introduction to the Tool Kits.- 8. Introduction to the Toolkits.- 9. Notational Conventions.- 9.1. Routine Descriptions.- 9.1.0.1. Brief Routine Description: routine alias name.- 9.2. Attribute Descriptions.- 9.2.1. "The Attribute Identifier".- 9.3. Naming Conventions for the Tool Kits.- 9.3.1. Routine Names.- 9.3.2. Identifiers Associated with Attributes.- 9.3.2.1. Attribute Names.- 9.3.2.2. Attribute Value Types.- 9.3.2.3. Structures.- 9.3.2.4. Attribute Parameter Names.- 9.3.3. Other Types.- 9.3.4. Tag Fields and Values.- 9.3.5. Distinguished Values.- 9.3.5.1. The Value 'null'.- 10. Site Dependencies.- 10.1. Site-dependent Types.- 10.1.1. INT_type.- 10.1.1.1. The ONES_COMPLEMENT Macro.- 10.1.1.2. The MAXIMUM_INT and MINIMUM_INT Macros.- 10.1.2. CHAR_type.- 10.1.2.1. The MakeChar Macro.- 10.1.3. BYTE_type.- 10.1.3.1. The MakeByte Macro.- 10.1.4. BOOL_type.- 10.1.4.1. The BOOL_false and BOOL_true Macros.- 10.1.5. VALUE_type.- 10.1.6. TAG_type.- 10.1.7. PARMMASK_type.- 10.1.7.1. Predefined PARM_MASK_type Identifiers.- 10.1.8. POINTER_type.- 10.1.8.1. Predefined POINTER_type Identifiers.- 10.1.9. SWAP_INFO_type.- 10.1.10. The REGISTER Macro 261 10.1.1L Controlling the Formatting of Error Messages.- 10.1.11.1. The DONT_FORMAT_ERRORS Macro.- 10.1.11.2. The ERROR_MESG_SIZE Macro.- 10.1.12. Assignment Semantics.- 10.2. Site-dependent Routines.- 10.2.1. Initialization and Finalization.- 10.2.2. Initialize Site Dependencies: LOCAL Init.- 10.2.3. Finalize Site Dependencies: LOCAL Final.- 10.2.4. Input and Output Routines.- 10.2.4.1. Read Bytes: LOCAL_ReadBytes.- 10.2.4.2. Write Bytes: LOCAL_WriteBytes.- 10.2.4.3. Read Characters: LOCAL_ReadChars.- 10.2.4.4. Write Characters: LOCAL_WriteChars.- 10.2.5. Primary Memory: Allocation and Manipulation.- 10.2.5.1. Allocate Primary Memory: LOCAL_Malloc.- 10.2.5.2. Reallocate a Block of Primary Memory: LOCAL_Realloc.- 10.2.5.3. Free a Block of Primary Memory: LOCAL_Free.- 10.2.5.4. Copy a Block of Bytes: LOCAL_Bcopy.- 10.3. Managing Secondary Memory.- 10.3.1. Swap Out a Block of Memory: LOCAL_SwapOut.- 10.3.2. Swap In a Block of Memory: LOCAL_SwapIn.- 3. The CMU ODA Tool Kit.- 11. Introduction to the CMU ODA Tool Kit.- 11.1. Overview of Document Translation and Interchange.- 11.1.1. Translator from A to ODIF.- 11.1.2. Translator from ODIF to B.- 12. Using the Tool Kits.- 12.1. Include Files.- 12.2. Exported Routines.- 12.3. Global Variables: TKError, RGError, LCLError and TKErrorMesg.- 12.4. Linking with the Tool Kits.- 13. Types.- 13.1. Site-dependent Types.- 13.1.1. INT_type.- 13.1.1.1. Predefined INT_type Identifiers.- 13.1.2. CHAR type.- 13.1.3. BYTE_type.- 13.1.4. BOOL type.- 13.1.4.1. Predefined BOOL_type Identifiers.- 13.1.5. VALUEjype.- 13.1.5.1. Predefined VALUE_type Identifiers.- 13.1.6. TAGjype.- 13.1.7. PARM_MASK_type.- 13.1.7.1. Predefined PARM MASK type Identifiers.- 13.1.8. POINTERtype.- 13.1.8.1. Predefined POINTER_type Identifiers.- 13.2. The Type CONSTITUENT_type.- 13.2.1. Predefined CONSTITUENT_type Identifiers.- 13.3. The Type DOCUMENT_type.- 13.3.1. Predefined DOCUMENT type Identifiers.- 13.4. The Type ITERATOR_type.- 13.4.1. Predefined ITERATOR_type Identifiers.- 13.5. The Type INT_PAIR_type.- 13.6. The Type PERSONAL_NAME_type.- 13.6.1. Specifying Parameters for the PERSONAL_NAME_type Type.- 13.7. The Type NAME_ORG_type.- 13.7.1. Specifying Parameters for the NAME_ORG_type Type.- 13.8. The Type ASNl_OBJECT_ID_type.- 13.8.1. Predefined ASNl_OBJECT_ID_type Identifiers.- 13.9. The Type LAYOUT_OBJECT_type.- 13.10. The Type STRING_OR_ID_type.- 13.11. The Type FONT_REFERENCE_type.- 13.11.1. Specifying FONT_REFERENCE_type Parameters.- 13.11.2. Predefined Identifiers for Fonts.- 13.11.2.1. Sub-parameter Values.- 13.11.2.2. ISO/DSCLASS Values.- 13.12. Miscellaneous Type Routines.- 13.12.1. Make a Font Have Unspecified Parameters: UnspecifyFont.- 13.12.2. Get Integers Corresponding to an ISO/DSCLASS: Dsclass2Ints.- 13.12.3. Get ISO/DSCLASS Corresponding to Integers: Ints2Dsclass.- 13.12.4. Fill Structured Name from Strings: Array2StrctName.- 13.12.5. Fill in a structured name from a string: String2StrctName.- 13.12.6. Fill in a Font Name from an Array: SetFontFamilyArray.- 13.12.7. Fill in a Font Family Name from a String: SetFontFamily.- 13.12.8. Look Up an ASN.1 Object Identifier: LookUpObjectld.- 13.12.9. Unspecify Default Value Lists: UnspecifyDefaultValueLists.- 13.12.10. Initialize Default Value Lists: InitializeDefaultValueLists.- 13.13. Sequences.- 13.13.1. The Type SEQUENCE_type.- 13.13.2. Additional Sequence Type Names.- 13.13.3. Predefined SEQUENCE_type Identifiers.- 13.13.4. Create a Sequence Object: MakeSequence.- 13.13.5. Delete a Sequence Object: DeleteSequence.- 13.13.6. Delete Sequence and Elements: DeleteSequenceDeeply.- 13.13.7. Increase the Length of a Sequence Object: Expands equence.- 13.13.8. Decrease the Length of a Sequence Object: Contracts equence.- 13.13.9. Append Two Sequences: Appends equence.- 13.13.10. Copy a Sequence: CopySequence.- 13.14. The STRING_type Type.- 13.14.1. Predefined STRINGtype Identifiers.- 13.14.2. Create a STRING type Object: MakeString.- 13.14.3. Make a STRING type From a Null-terminated String: Chars2String.- 13.14.4. Delete a STRING_type Object: DeleteString.- 13.14.5. Concatenate Two Strings: ConcatString.- 14. Initialization and Finalization.- 14.1. Initialize the Tool Kit: InitToolKit.- 14.1.1. The Type INIT_PARMS_type.- 14.1.1.1. Application-defined Routine to Write a Character String: output Jilter.- 14.2. Finalize the Tool Kit: FinalToolKit.- 15. Documents and Constituents.- 15.1. Create a New Document: MakeDocument.- 15.2. Get a Document: GetDocument.- 15.3. Delete a Document: DeleteDocument.- 15.4. Create a Component: MakeComponent.- 15.5. Create a Style: MakeStyle.- 15.6. Create a Content Portion: MakeContent.- 15.7. Create the Document Profile: MakeDocumentProfile.- 15.8. Copy a Constituent: CopyConstituent.- 15.9. Delete a Constituent: DeleteConstituent.- 15.10. Default Components.- 16. Attribute Routines.- 16.1. Attributes and Values.- 16.1.1. Parameter Masks.- 16.1.2. Assign an Attribute: SetAttr.- 16.1.3. Obtain the Value of an Attribute: GetAttr.- 16.1.4. Assign an INT_type Attribute: SetlntAttr.- 16.1.5. Obtain the Value of an INT_type Attribute: GetlntAttr.- 16.1.6. Assign a VALUE_type Attribute: SetValueAttr.- 16.1.7. Obtain the Value of a VALUE Jype Attribute: GetValueAttr.- 16.1.8. Assign an Attribute to a Layout Style: SetLayoutAttr.- 16.1.9. Assign an Attribute to a Presentation Style: SetPresAttr.- 16.1.10. Set a String Attribute: SetStringAttr.- 16.1.11. Append a Subordinate Constituent: AppendSubordinate.- 16.1.12. Determine the Kind of Content for a Basic Object: GetContentKind.- 16.1.13. Get the Content Associated with a Basic Object: GetContent.- 16.2. Test for the Presence of an Attribute: HasAttr.- 16.3. Remove an Attribute: RemAttr.- 16.4. Make Specified Parameters be Unspecified: UnspecParms.- 16.5. Obtain a Parameter Mask: GetParmMask.- 16.6. Get a Printable Name for an Attribute: GetAttrName.- 16.7. Get a Printable Name for a Distinguished Value: GetValueName.- 17. Specific Attribute Descriptions.- 17.1. Attribute Descriptions.- 17.1.1. Shared Attributes.- 17.1.2. Layout Attributes.- 17.1.3. Logical Attributes.- 17.1.4. Layout Style Attributes.- 17.1.5. Layout Directive Attributes.- 17.1.6. Presentation Style Attributes.- 17.1.7. Content Portion Attributes.- 17.1.8. Document Profile Attributes.- 17.1.9. Character Content Presentation Attributes.- 17.1.10. Raster Graphics Content Presentation Attributes.- 17.1.11. Raster Graphics Content Coding Attributes.- 17.1.12. Geometric Graphics Content Presentation Attributes.- 18. Expressions.- 18.1. String Expressions.- 18.1.1. Types.- 18.1.2. Evaluate a String Expression: EvalStringExpr.- 18.2. Numeric Expressions.- 18.2.1. Types All.- 18.2.2. Evaluate a Numeric Expression: EvalNumExpr.- 18.3. Object Identifier Expressions.- 18.3.1. Types.- 18.3.2. Evaluate an Object Identifier Expression: EvalObjldExpr.- 18.4. Construction Expressions.- 18.4.1. Types.- 18.4.2. Delete a Construction Expression: DeleteConstExpr.- 18.5. References to Binding Values.- 18.5.1. Types.- 18.5.2. Evaluate a Reference to a Binding Value: EvalRefBind.- 18.6. Object References.- 19. Traversing an ODA Document.- 19.1. Locating Constituents.- 19.1.1. Locate a Document Root: FindDocumentRoot.- 19.1.2. Locate a Document Profile: FindDocumentProfile.- 19.2. Iterators.- 19.2.1. Create an Iterator for a Subgraph: MakeSubgraphlterator.- 19.2.2. Create an Iterator for Styles: MakeStylesIterator.- 19.2.3. Yield the Next Constituent: NextConstituent.- 19.2.4. Delete an Iterator: Deletelterator.- 20. External Representations.- 20.1. ODIF.- 20.1.1. Read an ODIF Representation: ReadODIF.- 20.1.2. Write an ODIF Representation: WriteODIF.- 20.1.3. Read an ODIF Representation on Unix: isode ReadODIF.- 20.1.4. Write an ODIF Representation on Unix: isode WriteODIF.- 20.2. ODL.- 20.3. Constituent Identifier Attributes.- 20.3.1. Assign Identifiers for an Entire Document: LabelDocument.- 20.3.2. Assign Identifiers for a Logical or Layout Structure: LabelStructure.- 20.3.3. Assign Identifiers to the Layout or Presentation Styles: LabelStyles.- 21. Affecting Run-time Behavior.- 21.1. Managing Memory.- 21.1.1. Keep a Constituent in Primary Memory: HoldConstituent.- 21.1.2. Release Constituent from Memory: Releaseeonstituent.- 21.1.3. Keep an Attribute in Primary Memory: HoldAttr.- 21.1.4. Release Attribute from Memory: ReleaseAttr.- 21.1.5. Keep a String in Primary Memory: HoldString.- 21.1.6. Release String from Memory: ReleaseString.- 21.2. Affecting Search Time for Attributes.- 21.3. Access the Priority of Components: ComponentAttrPriority.- 21.3.1. Access the Priority for Styles: Style.AttrPriority.- 21.3.2. Access the Priority for Contents: Content AttrPriority.- 21.3.3. Access the Attribute Priority for the Document Profile: AttrDocProfPriority.- 22. Debugging Support.- 22.1. Notation for Debugging Output.- 22.2. Debugging Routines 523 22.2.1. Write the State of the Entire Document: WriteDocumentState.- 22.2.2. Write the State of a Subgraph: WriteSubgraphState.- 22.2.3. Write the State of Layout or Presentation Styles: WriteStylesState.- 22.2.4. Write the State of a Constituent: WriteConstituentState.- 22.2.5. Write a Textual Description of an ODIF File on Unix: isodePrintODIF.- 4. The Raster Graphics Tool Kit.- 23. Introduction to the Raster Graphics Tool Kit.- 23.1. Rasters.- 23.2. Coordinate System.- 23.3. Pels.- 23.4. Graphics Formats.- 23.5. Memory Management.- 23.6. Error Handling.- 23.7. Site Dependencies.- 23.7.1. FLOAT_type.- 24. Tool Kit Data Structures.- 24.1. The Raster Structure: RASTER_type.- 24.2. The Type PEL_type.- 24.3. Initialization Parameters: INIT_RGPARMS type.- 24.4. Bitmap Format Specifications: FORMAT_type.- 24.5. Supported Raster Graphics Formats.- 24.5.1. Amiga IFF Format (FORMAT_IFF).- 24.5.2. Andrew Raster Format (FORMAT_ANDREW).- 24.5.3. CompuServe GIF Format (FORMAT_GIF).- 24.5.4. Group 3 Facsimile Format (FORMAT_GROUP3).- 24.5.5. Group 4 Facsimile Format (FORMAT_GROUP4).- 24.5.6. MacPaint Format (FORMAT_MACPAINT).- 24.5.7. ODA Bitmap Encoding Scheme (FORMAT_ODABM).- 24.5.8. Portable Bitmap Format (FORMAT_PBM).- 24.5.9. PostScript Output (FORMAT_POSTSCRIPT).- 24.5.10. Sun Raster Format (FORMAT_SUN).- 24.5.11. X Bitmap Format (FORMAT_XBM).- 25. Raster Graphics Tool Kit Routines.- 25.1. Initialize the Raster Graphics Tool Kit: InitRGToolKit.- 25.2. Finalize the Raster Graphics Tool Kit: FinalRGToolKit.- 25.3. Create a Raster Graphics Portion: MakeRaster.- 25.4. Extract a Subraster from a Raster: ExtractRaster.- 25.5. Delete a Raster Graphics Portion: DeleteRaster.- 25.6. Assign a Value to a Pel: AssignBit.- 25.7. Assign a Value (Color) to a Pel: AssignPel.- 25.8. Determine the Value of a Bit: GetBit.- 25.9. Determine the Value (Color) of a Pel: GetPel.- 25.10. Overwrite a Portion of a Raster: InsertRaster.- 25.11. Determine the Type of Pels in a Raster: RasterPelFormat.- 25.12. Determine the Size of a Raster: RasterHeight, RasterWidth.- 25.13. Read a Bitmap from Memory into a Raster: ReadMemRaster.- 25.14. Read a Bitmap From a Descriptor Into a Raster: ReadRaster.- 25.15. Write a Raster to Memory in a Specified Format: WriteMemRaster.- 25.16. Write a Raster in a Specified Bitmap Format: WriteRaster.- 25.17. Keep a Raster in Primary Memory: HoldRaster.- 25.18. Allow a Raster to be Released from Memory: ReleaseRaster.- 25.19. Determine the Hold/Release Status of a Raster: RasterStatus.- 5. References and Appendixes.- References.- A. Example Programs.- A. 1. The CMU ODA Tool Kit.- A. 1.1. Example 1.- A. 1.1.1. Document Creator: Example 1 5.- A. 1.1.2. Document Reader: Example 1.- A. 1.2. Example 2.- A. 1.2.1. Document Creator: Example 2.- A. 1.2.2. Document Reader: Example 2 607..- A. 1.3. Conclusions.- A.2. Raster Graphics Tool Kit Example Programs.- A.2.1. Raster Input and Output with Format Conversion.- A.3. Manipulating Rasters.- A.4. Example Program 3.- A. 4.1. Summary.- A. 5. Cross-reference Tables.- B. Building and Installing the Tool Kits.- B. l. Contents of the oda Directory.- B. 1.1. Local Directory Structures.- B.2. Building.- B.2.1. Disk Space and Memory Requirements.- B.2.2. The site Directory.- B. 2.2.1. Building in the site Directory.- B.2.3. The src Directory.- B.2.3.1. Building in the src Directory.- B.2.4. The valid Directory.- B.2.4.1. Building in the valid Directory.- B.2.5. The raster Directory.- B.2.5.1. Building in the raster Directory.- B.2.6. The isode Directory.- B.2.6.1. Building in the isode Directory.- B.2.7. The prog Directory.- B.2.7.1. Building in the prog Directory.- B.3. Installing the Tool Kits.- B.4. Validating the Installation.- B.5. Site-dependent Validation Routines.- B.6. Supporting a New Site.- B. 7. Compile-time Switches.- B.7.1. The DEBUG Switch.- B.7.2. The DONT_FORMAT_ERRORS Switch.- B.7.3. The SWAPPING Switch.- B.7.4. The STRUCT_ASSIGN Switch.- B.7.5. The USE_BCOPY Switch.- B.7.6. The USE_LONG_NAMES Switch.- C. Error Codes.- C. 1. CMU ODA Tool Kit Error Codes.- C. 2. Raster Graphics Tool Kit Error Codes.- D. Current Restrictions and Bugs.- D. 1. The CMU ODA Tool Kit.- D. 1.1. Miscellaneous Bugs and Limitations.- D. 1.2. Specific Attributes.- D.2. The Raster Graphics Tool Kit.- E. C Portability Guidelines.- F. Alphabetical List of Routines.- F. 1. Routines Sorted by Alias.- F. 2. Routines Sorted by Real Name.- G. Alphabetical List of Attributes.- G. 1. Attributes Sorted by Name.- G.2. Attributes Sorted by Identifier.- H. Alphabetical List of Types.- I. List of Real and Alias Names.- 1.1. Alphabetized by Alias.- 1.2. Alphabetized by Real Names.- J. Source Code Organization.- J. 1. CMU ODA Tool Kit Modules.- J.2. The Structure of Include Files.- K. Ordering Information.