Mount Etna

1 The forge of Vulcan.- 1.1 The summit cone.- 1.2 Flank activity.- 1.3 Other activity.- 1.4 From myth to science.- 2 Etna and the Etna region.- 2.1 The physical environment.- 2.2 The human response.- 2.3 Concluding remarks.- 3 Geological setting and volcanic history.- 3.1 Volcanism and tectonics in the central Mediterranean.- 3.2 Geological setting of Mount Etna.- 3.3 Nomenclature of the lavas of Mount Etna.- 3.4 Stratigraphy.- 4 Volcanic processes and products.- 4.1 Explosive volcanism.- 4.2 Effusive activity.- 4.3 Collapse structures.- 5 The rheological behaviour of basaltic lavas.- 5.1 Rheological concepts and definitions.- 5.2 The rheological characteristics of suspensions.- 5.3 The rheological properties of basaltic fluids.- 5.4 Concluding comments.- 6 Petrology and magmatic processes.- 6.1 Isotope geochemistry.- 6.2 Basal tholeiitic volcanics.- 6.3 Paterno alkali olivine basalt.- 6.4 The alkalic series.- 6.5 Petrological variations in historic times.- 6.6 Volcanic gases.- 7 Internal plumbing.- 7.1 Conduits and magma chambers.- 7.2 Ground deformation.- 7.3 Seismic studies.- 7.4 Gravimetric measurements.- 7.5 Magma budget and ascent rate.- 7.6 Summary and discussion.- 8 Volcanic hazard on Etna.- 8.1 The sources of hazard on Mount Etna.- 8.2 Specific prediction and hazard assessment.- 8.3 The empirical determination of the relative vulnerabilities of Etnean districts.- 8.4 The manipulation of lava flows.- 9 Volcanic hazards: human response and adjustment.- 9.1 The conceptual framework.- 9.2 Mount Etna: hazard response and adjustment.- 9.3 Conclusion: prospects for the future.- References.- Note.- % (v/v) is equivalent to vol. %.- % (w/w) is equivalent to wt %.