Modern Classical Optical System Design

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgements

Author biography

Abbreviations

Symbols

1 Imaging

1.1 An introduction to the real world

1.1.1 Real lens systems take in all the light until rays hit a âSTOPâ

1.1.2 Shoot for the âminimum viable productâ (make it âperfectâ in steps)

1.1.3 But even âperfectâ cannot be perfect: limitations due to physical laws

1.1.4 Realistic product development operates between these two limits

1.1.5 What to do about ambiguous requirements

1.1.6 Your list of âthings I still need to understandâ will only grow (which is fine)

1.1.7 Everything you really want to do will likely take place only after office hours

1.1.8 Why books are still necessary for your knowledge

1.1.9 You become good at something by doing it over and over for a very long time

1.1.10 How to bug people for help

1.1.11 Truth = the best estimate ± uncertainty

1.1.12 Are you ready for this?

1.2 Optical system design using Ansys Zemax OpticStudio®

1.2.1 Set the aperture

1.2.2 Set the fields

1.2.3 Set the wavelengths (I will tell you how many you need)

1.2.4 Create a paraxial thin-lens equivalent system

1.2.5 Use âsolvesâ

1.2.6 Check the MTF and defocus sensitivity and create defocus invariance

1.2.7 Creating a real lens model of the thin-lens model

1.2.8 Lens MTF, spatial frequency, field curvature, distortion, and relative illumination

1.2.9 Why it is not always about MTF in real life (it depends on your application)

1.2.10 Amazing OpticStudio features you may not know about(which we will use)

1.2.11 Tilted and decentered components and assemblies

1.2.12 Optimizing a lens

1.2.13 Tolerancing analysis for a lens

1.2.14 Create and use a âblack box fileâ

1.2.15 Nonsequential modeling and analysis

1.2.16 Dealing with âray trace noiseâ in nonsequential modeling

1.2.17 Deciding between nonsequential and sequential approaches

1.2.18 OpticStudioâs hybrid nonsequential mode (this is a powerful tool)

1.2.19 A wrap-up; get set to use OpticStudio for the rest of this book

1.3 Practical concepts for optical system layout and analysis

1.3.1 First-order: all you really need is 1/f = 1/s + 1/sâ²

1.3.2 Example: a microscope tube lens using commercial off-the-shelf lenses

1.3.3 Example: a xenon arc lamp with an elliptical reflector

1.3.4 Notes on designing with commercial off-the-shelf components

1.3.5 If you master the concept of conjugate planes, you can go very far

1.3.6 Example: collimation at an intermediate plane and its application

1.3.7 Example: conjugate planes in modern microscope condensers

1.3.8 Example: a simple modern digital microscope using commercial off-the-shelf lenses

1.3.9 Example: locating and modeling dust artifacts in imaging systems

1.3.10 Conjugate planes in a classical projector

1.3.11 Object and image conjugates at the same location

1.3.12 If you master the concept of pupils, you will understand what detectors âseeâ

1.3.13 Example: relay lenses (you will often need them)

1.3.14 Example: pupil and scene visibility in a terrestrial telescope

1.3.15 More on pupils: Max Berekâs âforgottenâ formula

1.3.16 The optical center of a lens (you have probably never heard of this)

1.3.17 Locating and optimizing the optical center of a lens system

1.3.18 The application of the optical center and pupils to depth sensing

1.3.19 Approximate analogies: eyepieces, tube lenses, and scan lenses

1.3.20 Approximate analogies: condensers as eyepieces in reverse

1.4 Practical lens design and aberration management

1.4.1 In rapid product