About the Editor xv
List of Contributors xvii
Preface xxi
About the Companion Website xxix
1 Multiphysics Simulations on the Effect of Fluidic Concentration Profiles Over Y-Channel and T-Channel Designs 1
Pavar Sai Kumar and Sanket Goel
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Real-Time Applications of This Study 2
1.3 Simulation Section 2
1.4 Results and Discussions 3
1.5 Conclusion 10
References 10
2 Droplet Generation in T-Junction Microchannel Using Multiphysics Software 13
Abhishek Kumar and Sanket Goel
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Simulation Section 15
2.3 Result and Discussion 17
2.4 Conclusion 17
References 18
3 Cleanroom-Assisted and Cleanroom-Free Photolithography 21
Abhishesh Pal, Satish Kumar Dubey, and Sanket Goel
3.1 Introduction 21
3.2 Photolithography Basics, Classification and Applications 22
3.3 Experimental Section on Designing and Development of Features Using Photolithography 25
3.4 Conclusion 26
References 27
4 Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) 29
Pavar Sai Kumar, Abhishek Kumar, and Sanket Goel
4.1 Stereolithography (SLA) Printing of Y-Channeled Microfluidic Chip 29
4.2 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM): Fabrication of Single Electrode Electrochemiluminescence Device 34
References 37
5 Laser Processing 41
Pavar Sai Kumar, Abhishek Kumar, Manish Bhaiyya, and Sanket Goel
5.1 CO 2 Laser for Electrochemical Sensor Fabrication 41
5.2 One-Step Production of Reduced Graphene Oxide from Paper via 450 nm Laser Ablations 45
5.3 Conclusion 50
References 50
6 Soft Lithography: DLW-Based Microfluidic Device Fabrication 53
K. Ramya and Sanket Goel
6.1 Introduction 53
6.2 Designing Section 54
6.3 Conclusion 57
References 57
7 Electrode Fabrication Techniques 59
Sanjeet Kumar, Abhishek Kumar, K.S. Deepak, Manish Bhaiyya, Aniket Balapure, Satish Kumar Dubey, and Sanket Goel
7.1 Inkjet Printing Technique: Electrode Fabrication for Advanced Applications 59
7.2 Screen Printing Technique for Electrochemical Sensor Fabrication 62
7.3 Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Technique for Electrode Fabrication 66
7.4 Conclusion 69
References 69
8 Morphological Characterization 71
Dhoni Nagaraj, Yuvraj Maphrio Mao, Parvathy Nair, Sanjeet Kumar, Imran Khan, Amreen Khairunnisa, R.N. Ponnalagu, Satish Kumar Dubey, and Sanket Goel
8.1 Morphological Studies with Different Techniques 71
8.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy 71
8.3 Steps Involved in the Scanning Electron Microscope Characterization 72
8.4 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 74
8.5 Optical LED Microscope 79
8.6 Contact Angle 83
References 87
9 Spectroscopic Characterization 89
Himanshi Awasthi, N.K. Nishchitha, Sonal Fande, and Sanket Goel
9.1 Introduction 89
9.2 Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectrophotometers 90
9.3 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 92
9.4 Raman Spectroscopy 97
9.5 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy 100
References 104
10 Microfluidic Devices 105
Abhishesh Pal, Pavar Sai Kumar, Sreerama Amrutha Lahari, Sonal Fande, Abhishek Kumar, Manish Bhaiyya, Sohan Dudala, R.N. Ponnalagu, Satish Kumar Dubey, and Sanket Goel
10.1 Electrochemical Detection of Bacteria, Biomarkers, Biochemical, and Environmental Pollutants 105
10.2 Microfluidics Integrated Electrochemiluminescence System for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection 114
10.3 Development of Microfluidic Chip for Colorimetric Analysis 118
10.4 Development of Disposable and Eco-Friendly μPADs as Chemiluminescence Substrates 123
10.5 Microfluidic Devices for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 128
References 131
11 Wearable Devices 135
Ramya Priya Pujari, S. Vanmathi, Satish Kumar Dubey, and Sanket Goel
11.1 Application of Laser-Induced Graphene in Breath Analysis 135
11.2 Wearable Microfluidic Device for Nucleic Acid Amplification 138
11.3 Wearable Patch Biofuel Cell 142
References 145
12 Energy Devices 147
Himanshi Awasthi, S. Vanmathi, and Sanket Goel
12.1 Introduction 147
12.2 Enzymatic Biofuel Cells and Microbial Fuel Cells 150
12.3 Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) 153
12.4 Electrochemical Characterization of Supercapacitor Energy Devices 156
References 160
13 Conclusion and Future Outlook 163
Amreen Khairunnisa
Index 165
