| Preface | p. x |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The identity of identity | p. 1 |
| What language has to do with it | p. 2 |
| Fundamental types of identity | p. 3 |
| Construction and multiplicity | p. 6 |
| Other terms used in current research | p. 9 |
| Identity as a linguistic phenomenon | p. 11 |
| Linguistic Identity and the Functions and Evolution of Language | p. 15 |
| Identity and the traditional functions of language | p. 15 |
| Identity and the phatic and performative functions | p. 17 |
| Does identity constitute a distinctive function of language? | p. 20 |
| 'Over-reading': identity and the evolution of language | p. 25 |
| Conclusion | p. 39 |
| Approaching Identity in Traditional Linguistic Analysis | p. 41 |
| Introduction | p. 41 |
| Classical and Romantic views of language, nation, culture and the individual | p. 42 |
| The nineteenth century and the beginnings of institutional linguistics | p. 46 |
| The social in language: Voloshinov vs Saussure | p. 48 |
| Jespersen and Sapir | p. 51 |
| Firth, Halliday and their legacy | p. 56 |
| Later structuralist moves toward linguistic identity: Brown & Gilman, Labov and others | p. 58 |
| From 'women's language' to gender identity | p. 61 |
| From Network Theory to communities of practice and language ideologies | p. 63 |
| Integrating Perspectives from Adjacent Disciplines | p. 67 |
| Input from 1950s sociology: Goffman | p. 67 |
| Bernstein | p. 68 |
| Attitudes and accommodation | p. 70 |
| Foucault and Bourdieu on symbolic power | p. 73 |
| Social Identity Theory and 'self-categorisation' | p. 76 |
| Early attempts to integrate 'social identity' into sociolinguistics | p. 77 |
| Communication Theory of Identity | p. 80 |
| Essentialism and constructionism | p. 83 |
| Language in National Identities | p. 92 |
| The nature of national identities | p. 92 |
| When did nationalism begin? | p. 95 |
| Constructing national identity and language: Dante's De vulgari eloquentia | p. 98 |
| Taming and centring the language: Nebrija and Valdes | p. 102 |
| Language imagined as a republic: Du Bellay | p. 106 |
| Fichte on language and nation | p. 109 |
| Renan and the Kedourie-Gellner debate | p. 111 |
| Anderson's 'imagined communities' and Billig's 'banal nationalism' | p. 115 |
| De-essentialising the role of language: Hobsbawm and Silverstein | p. 119 |
| Studies of the construction of particular national-linguistic identities | p. 125 |
| Europe | p. 126 |
| Asia | p. 128 |
| Africa | p. 130 |
| Americas | p. 130 |
| Australasia and Oceania | p. 131 |
| Case Study 1: The New Quasi-Nation of Hong Kong | p. 132 |
| Historical background | p. 132 |
| The 'myth' of declining English | p. 134 |
| Samples of Hong Kong English | p. 140 |
| The formal distinctiveness of Hong Kong English | p. 144 |
| The status of Hong Kong English | p. 148 |
| The functions of Hong Kong English | p. 150 |
| Chinese identities | p. 151 |
| Constructing colonial identity | p. 154 |
| The present and future roles of English | p. 158 |
| Language in Ethnic/Racial and Religious/Sectarian Identities | p. 162 |
| Ethnic, racial and national identities | p. 162 |
| From communities of practice to shared habitus | p. 167 |
| The particular power of ethnic/racial identity claims | p. 168 |
| Religious/sectarian identities | p. 172 |
| Personal names as texts of ethnic and religious identity | p. 176 |
| Language spread and identity-levelling | p. 181 |
| Case Study 2: Christian and Muslim Identities in Lebanon | p. 194 |
| Introduction | p. 194 |
| 'What language is spoken in Lebanon?' | p. 195 |
| Historical background | p. 196 |
| Distribution of languages by religion | p. 197 |
| The co-construction of religious and ethnic identity: Maronites and Phoenicians | p. 198 |
| Constructing Islamic Arabic uniqueness | p. 200 |
| Recent shifts in Lebanese language/identity patterns | p. 203 |
| Still more recent developments | p. 207 |
| Renan and the 'heritage of memories' | p. 208 |
| Linking marginal ethnic identities: Celts and Phoenicians | p. 212 |
| Language, abstraction and the identity of Renan | p. 215 |
| Maalouf's utopian anti-identity | p. 220 |
| Afterword: Identity and the Study of Language | p. 224 |
| Notes | p. 228 |
| Bibliography | p. 235 |
| Index | p. 256 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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