Contents
6 About This Publication
9 About Henley & Partners
11 Corporate Social Responsibility
12 Introduction
Expert Commentary
16 Facilitated Naturalization and Citizenship by Investment
Dr. Christian H. Kaelin
26 Citizenship as Club Membership: Why States Should Behave as Clubs
Prof. Dr. Thomas Straubhaar
34 The Rise of Instrumental Citizenship
Prof. Dr. Christian Joppke
38 Compensatory Citizenship: Dual Citizenship as a Response to Global Inequality
Prof. Dr. Yossi Harpaz
42 How Precision Medicine Initiatives May Affect Investment Migration Choices in Future
Dr. Robert Konrad Maciejewski
46 Private Wealth Migration: Past, Present, and Future
Dr. Juerg Steffen
50 The Growing Market for Citizenship and Residence: A Policy Perspective
Madeleine Sumption
52 The Global Movement of Billionaires
Dr. Marcel Widrig
56 The Pro-Growth Benefits of Investment Migration Programs
Daniel J. Mitchell
60 Investment Migration Offers Location Optionality in a Volatile World
Dominic Volek
64 Country Competitiveness, Talent Acquisition, and Residence Programs
Dr. Jose Caballero
68 Sovereign Equity instead of Sovereign Debt: A Paradigm Shift in Public Finance and Foreign
Direct Investment
Dr. Christian H. Kaelin
The Global Residence Program Index
78 The Global Residence Program Index 2023
84 Portugal
86 Austria
88 Greece
90 Italy
92 Switzerland
94 United Kingdom
96 Canada
98 Latvia
100 Luxembourg
102 Malta
104 Spain
106 Australia
108 Singapore
110 Cyprus
112 Ireland
114 Jersey
116 Panama
118 United Arab Emirates
120 United States of America
122 New Zealand
124 Thailand
126 Hong Kong
128 South Korea
130 Mauritius
132 Monaco
134 Malaysia
The Global Citizenship Program Index
138 The Global Citizenship Program Index 2023
144 Malta
146 Austria
148 Montenegro
150 Grenada
152 St. Lucia
154 Antigua and Barbuda
156 St. Kitts and Nevis
158 Dominica
160 Turkiye
162 Egypt
164 Jordan
166 North Macedonia
168 Vanuatu
170 Cambodia
Comparison of Investment Migration Program Contribution Options
174 Residence Programs
176 Citizenship Programs
Methodology
180 Developing an Index
181 Reputation
182 Quality of Life
183 Visa-free or Visa-on-arrival Access
184 Processing Time and Quality of Processing
184 Compliance
185 Investment Requirements
186 Tax
187 Total Costs
188 Time to Citizenship
188 Citizenship Requirements
189 Residence Requirements
189 Relocation Flexibility
190 Physical Visit Requirements
190 Transparency
Global Presence
194 Henley & Partners Group Offices
196 Useful Websites