
Intelligent Multimedia Multi-Agent Systems
A Human-Centered Approach
By:Â Rajiv Khosla, Ishwar Sethi, Ernesto Damiani
Hardcover | 31 October 2000
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368 Pages
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The authors describe an ontology of the human-centered virtual machine which includes four components: activity-centered analysis component, problem solving adapter component, transformation agent component, and multimedia based interpretation component. These four components capture the external and internal planes of the system development spectrum. They integrate the physical, social and organizational reality on the external plane with stakeholder goals, tasks and incentives, and organization culture on the internal plane.
The human-centered virtual machine and its four components are used for developing intelligent multimedia multi-agent systems in areas like medical decision support and health informatics, medical image retrieval, e-commerce, face detection and annotation, internet games and sales recruitment. The applications in these areas help to expound various aspects of the human-centered virtual machine including, human-centered domain modeling, distributed intelligence and communication, perceptual and cognitive task modeling, component based software development, and multimedia based data modeling. Further, the applications described in the book employ various intelligent technologies like neural networks, fuzzy logic and knowledge based systems, software engineering artifacts like agents and objects, internet technologies like XML and multimedia artifacts like image, audio, video and text.
Industry Reviews
Soft Computing, 5 (2001)
| Preface | p. XV |
| Acknowledgements | p. XVIII |
| Motivation, Technologies, Enabling Theories and Human Centered Virtual Machine | |
| Successful Systems or Successful Technologies? | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Technology-Centeredness vs Human-Centeredness | p. 1 |
| Human-Centered Approach | p. 5 |
| Summary | p. 7 |
| References | p. 7 |
| Technologies | p. 9 |
| Introduction | p. 9 |
| Expert Systems | p. 9 |
| Symbolic Knowledge Representation | p. 10 |
| Rule Based Architecture | p. 13 |
| Rule and Frame (Object) Based Architecture | p. 13 |
| Model Based Architecture | p. 14 |
| Blackboard Architecture | p. 15 |
| Some Limitations of Expert System Architectures | p. 15 |
| Case Based Reasoning Systems | p. 16 |
| Artificial Neural Networks | p. 16 |
| Perceptron | p. 17 |
| Multilayer Perceptrons | p. 20 |
| Radial Basis Function Net | p. 22 |
| Kohonen Networks | p. 24 |
| Fuzzy Systems | p. 26 |
| Fuzzy Sets | p. 26 |
| Fuzzification of Inputs | p. 27 |
| Fuzzy Inferencing and Rule Evaluation | p. 28 |
| Defuzzification of Outputs | p. 29 |
| Genetic Algorithms | p. 30 |
| Intelligent Fusion, Transformation and Combination | p. 32 |
| Object-Oriented Software Engineering | p. 33 |
| Inheritance and Composability | p. 33 |
| Encapsulation | p. 34 |
| Message Passing | p. 34 |
| Polymorphism | p. 34 |
| Agents and Agent Architectures | p. 34 |
| Multimedia | p. 36 |
| The Extensible Markup Language | p. 37 |
| XML Namespaces | p. 42 |
| XML-Based Agent Systems Development | p. 43 |
| Summary | p. 44 |
| References | p. 45 |
| Pragmatic Considerations and Enabling Theories | p. 51 |
| Introduction | p. 51 |
| Pragmatic Considerations for Human-Centered Software Development | p. 51 |
| Intelligent Systems and Human-Centeredness | p. 52 |
| Software Engineering and Human-Centeredness | p. 55 |
| Multimedia Databases and Human-Centeredness | p. 57 |
| Electronic Commerce and Human-Centeredness | p. 59 |
| Data Mining and Human-Centeredness | p. 61 |
| Enterprise Modeling and Human-Centeredness | p. 61 |
| Human-Computer Interaction and Human-Centeredness | p. 63 |
| Enabling Theories for Human-Centered Systems | p. 63 |
| Semiotic Theory--Language of Signs | p. 64 |
| Rhematic Knowledge | p. 67 |
| Dicent Knowledge | p. 68 |
| Argumentative Knowledge | p. 68 |
| Cognitive Science Theories | p. 69 |
| Traditional Approach | p. 69 |
| Radical Approach | p. 70 |
| Situated Cognition | p. 71 |
| Distributed Cognition | p. 73 |
| Activity Theory | p. 75 |
| Workplace Theory | p. 77 |
| Discussion | p. 78 |
| Summary | p. 80 |
| References | p. 81 |
| Human-Centered System Development Framework | p. 87 |
| Introduction | p. 87 |
| Overview | p. 87 |
| External and Internal Planes of Human-Centered Framework | p. 88 |
| Components of the Human-Centered System Development Framework | p. 91 |
| Activity-Centered Analysis Component | p. 92 |
| Problem Definition and Scope | p. 92 |
| Performance Analysis of System Components | p. 94 |
| Context Analysis of System Components | p. 95 |
| Work Activity Context | p. 95 |
| Direct Stakeholder Context | p. 95 |
| Product Context | p. 96 |
| Data Context | p. 96 |
| Tool Context | p. 96 |
| Alternative System Goals and Tasks | p. 97 |
| Human-Task-Tool Diagram | p. 97 |
| Task Product Transition Network | p. 98 |
| Problem Solving Ontology Component | p. 98 |
| Strengths and Weaknesses of Existing Problem Solving Ontologies | p. 99 |
| Summary | p. 102 |
| References | p. 103 |
| Human-Centered Virtual Machine | p. 105 |
| Introduction | p. 105 |
| Problem Solving Ontology Component | p. 105 |
| Definition of Terms Used | p. 106 |
| Problem Solving Adapters | p. 109 |
| Preprocessing Phase Adapter | p. 109 |
| Decomposition Phase Adapter | p. 111 |
| Control Phase Adapter | p. 114 |
| Decision Phase Adapter | p. 118 |
| Postprocessing Phase Adapter | p. 122 |
| Human-Centered Criteria and Problem Solving Ontology | p. 124 |
| Transformation Agent Component | p. 124 |
| Multimedia Interpretation Component | p. 127 |
| Data Content Analysis | p. 128 |
| Media, Media Expression and Ornamentation Selection | p. 129 |
| Media Presentation Design and Coordination | p. 132 |
| Emergent Characteristics of HCVM | p. 132 |
| Architectural Characteristics | p. 132 |
| Human-Centeredness | p. 132 |
| Task Orientation vs Technology Orientation | p. 133 |
| Flexibility | p. 133 |
| Versatility | p. 133 |
| Forms of Knowledge | p. 133 |
| Learning and Adaptation | p. 133 |
| Distributed Problem Solving and Communication - Collaboration and Competition | p. 134 |
| Component Based Software Design | p. 134 |
| Management Characteristics | p. 134 |
| Cost, Development Time and Reuse | p. 134 |
| Scalability and Maintainability | p. 134 |
| Intelligibility | p. 135 |
| Domain Characteristics | p. 135 |
| Summary | p. 135 |
| References | p. 136 |
| HCVM Applications in Health Informatics, Face Detection, Net Euchre and Sales Recruitment | |
| Intelligent Multimedia Multi-Agent Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Support System | p. 137 |
| Introduction | p. 137 |
| Activity-Centered Analysis--Drug Prescription Monitoring Activity | p. 137 |
| Problem Definition and Scope | p. 138 |
| Performance and Context Analysis | p. 139 |
| Performance Analysis of DPMA | p. 139 |
| Context Analysis of the Drug Prescription Monitoring Activity | p. 143 |
| Alternate System Goals and Tasks | p. 147 |
| Human-Task-Tool Diagram | p. 147 |
| Task Product Transition Network | p. 148 |
| Application of HCVM Problem Solving Ontology in DPMA | p. 150 |
| Human-Centered Domain Model | p. 150 |
| Mapping Decomposition Adapter to DPMA Tasks | p. 150 |
| Mapping Control Phase Adapters to DPMA Tasks | p. 152 |
| Mapping Decision Phase Adapter to DPMA Tasks | p. 154 |
| Mapping Postprocessing Phase Adapter to DPMA Tasks | p. 156 |
| Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Support Problem Solving Agents | p. 158 |
| Etiology Selection Decomposition Agent | p. 159 |
| Upper Respiratory Control Agent | p. 162 |
| Suggested/Predicted Diagnosis Decision Agent | p. 164 |
| Diagnosis and Treatment Validation Postprocessing Agent | p. 168 |
| Diagnosis Support Multimedia Interpretation Component | p. 168 |
| Symptom Content Analysis | p. 168 |
| Media, Media Expression and Ornamentation Selection | p. 171 |
| Multimedia Agents | p. 172 |
| Summary | p. 174 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 174 |
| References | p. 174 |
| A Multi-Agent System for Face Detection and Annotation | p. 175 |
| Introduction | p. 175 |
| Image Annotation | p. 176 |
| Some Existing Face Detection Systems | p. 176 |
| Face Detection by Gray-Level | p. 176 |
| Face Detection by Color and Motion | p. 178 |
| Task-Product Network of Face Detection and Annotation Activity | p. 178 |
| Detection of Skin-tone region | p. 179 |
| Cleaning of skin-tone regions | p. 180 |
| Location of candidate face regions | p. 180 |
| Facial feature extraction, face detection and Annotation | p. 181 |
| HCVM Problem Solving Ontology and Face Detection and Annotation Activity (FDAA) | p. 181 |
| Decomposition Phase Adapter Definition in FDAA | p. 181 |
| Control Phase Adapter Definitions in FDAA | p. 183 |
| Decision Phase Adapter Definition in FDAA | p. 185 |
| Face Detection Agents and Their Implementation | p. 186 |
| Color Image Preprocessing and Skin Region Decomposition Agent | p. 186 |
| Face Candidate Region Control Agent | p. 189 |
| Morphological Operations for Cleaning Skin Tone Regions | p. 189 |
| Filtering Cleaned Regions by Size and Shape | p. 190 |
| Improving the Detection Rate | p. 192 |
| Face Detection and Annotation Decision Agent | p. 193 |
| Experimental Results and Future Work | p. 195 |
| Summary | p. 196 |
| References | p. 196 |
| Modeling Human Dynamics and Breakdowns--Intelligent Agents for Internet Games and Recruitment | p. 198 |
| Introduction | p. 198 |
| Net Euchre Game Application | p. 199 |
| Net Euchre Card Game | p. 199 |
| Distributed Net Euchre Game Agents | p. 201 |
| Distributed Implementation and Communication | p. 202 |
| Game Configuration and Back up Support | p. 203 |
| Play Game | p. 204 |
| Sales Recruitment | p. 210 |
| Managing Salespersons | p. 210 |
| Performance Analysis of Sales Recruitment Activity | p. 211 |
| Context Analysis of the Sales Recruitment Activity | p. 213 |
| Goals and Tasks | p. 215 |
| Human-Task-Tool Diagram | p. 216 |
| Behavior Profiling and Benchmarking | p. 217 |
| Summary | p. 220 |
| References | p. 220 |
| HCVM Applications in Internet and E-Commerce | |
| Intelligent Multimedia Information Management | p. 221 |
| Introduction | p. 221 |
| Evolution States of Multimedia Information Management and Retrieval | p. 221 |
| Multimedia Information Management Using Conventional Databases | p. 223 |
| BLOBs | p. 224 |
| SQL Multimedia (SQL/MM) | p. 227 |
| Storage and Retrieval Issues in Multimedia Databases | p. 228 |
| Content-Based Retrieval in Multimedia Databases | p. 230 |
| Content-based Access to Imagery | p. 231 |
| Representing and Accessing Video Data | p. 232 |
| Content-based Audio and Video Retrieval | p. 233 |
| MPEG 7 | p. 234 |
| SMIL | p. 237 |
| Sample Applications to Medical Multimedia Information Processing | p. 239 |
| Architectural Design | p. 240 |
| Usage Scenarios: Computer-Assisted Medical Diagnosis | p. 241 |
| Fuzzy Query Processing in Multimedia Databases | p. 241 |
| Representation and Querying of Multimedia Data on the WWW | p. 243 |
| Markup-Languages and Multimedia | p. 245 |
| Flexible Queries to Web-Based Multimedia Sources | p. 248 |
| Open Problems | p. 249 |
| Summary | p. 250 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 250 |
| References | p. 250 |
| A Brokerage System for Electronic Commerce Based on HCVM | p. 255 |
| Introduction | p. 255 |
| Basic Requirements | p. 257 |
| User-Centered Market Model | p. 258 |
| Flexible Object Documents | p. 258 |
| "Back-Link" Capability | p. 258 |
| Access through Multiple Communication Paths | p. 259 |
| Encryption-Based Data Security | p. 259 |
| Access Control Based On User Profile | p. 260 |
| Decentralized Development of Electronic Commerce Brokerage Services | p. 260 |
| Technology-Centered Approaches | p. 261 |
| Electronic Data Interchange | p. 261 |
| The eCo System Approach to Electronic Commerce | p. 262 |
| CommerceNet Evolvable Taxonomies | p. 263 |
| Extensible Markup Language and Electronic Commerce | p. 264 |
| A Human-Centered View of the Electronic Market | p. 265 |
| The Electronic Brokerage Reference Model | p. 265 |
| A Human-centered Approach to XML-based Metadata | p. 268 |
| The Brokerage Architecture | p. 269 |
| A Sample Transformation Language for HCVM | p. 272 |
| XSL path expressions | p. 272 |
| A Sample Transformation Language | p. 274 |
| Representing XML DTD and Documents as Graphs | p. 274 |
| XTL Grammar | p. 276 |
| Worked-out Examples | p. 277 |
| XTL Processor Implementation | p. 280 |
| XML Documents and Control and Decision Phases of HCVM | p. 284 |
| A Sample Application | p. 285 |
| The Hardware Adapters Domain | p. 286 |
| HCVM Based Adapter Definitions and Computations | p. 290 |
| User Query and Computation of Decision Instance | p. 294 |
| User-dependent Decision Semantics | p. 295 |
| An Algorithm For The Decision Agent | p. 296 |
| Summary | p. 297 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 297 |
| References | p. 297 |
| A User-Centered Approach to Content-Based Retrieval of Medical Images | p. 301 |
| Introduction | p. 301 |
| Characteristics of the Problem | p. 302 |
| Image Libraries and Diagnostic Systems | p. 303 |
| The SNOMED language | p. 304 |
| A Reference Model for Distributed Image Retrieval | p. 305 |
| User-Centered Image Retrieval | p. 306 |
| A Human-Centered View of Medical Images Collections | p. 306 |
| From the Domain Model to Decision Support Classes | p. 307 |
| The Decision Phase | p. 308 |
| A Sample Application | p. 308 |
| Descriptor-Based Image Classification | p. 308 |
| Ellipticity Evaluation | p. 310 |
| Querying the Broker Agent | p. 312 |
| Computation of the Decision Classes | p. 314 |
| The Division Operation | p. 315 |
| Collecting User Feedback | p. 317 |
| System Architecture | p. 317 |
| Summary | p. 319 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 320 |
| References | p. 321 |
| HCVM Revisited | p. 323 |
| Introduction | p. 323 |
| Successful Systems as Against Successful Technologies | p. 323 |
| Pragmatic Considerations, Enabling Theories and HCVM | p. 324 |
| Software Components, Adapters and HCVM | p. 324 |
| Human Decision Ladder and Problem Solving Adapters | p. 326 |
| HCVM and Multimedia | p. 326 |
| HCVM, Human Dynamics and Breakdowns | p. 327 |
| HCVM, Internet, E-Commerce and XML | p. 327 |
| Dynamic Analysis of Agents in HCVM | p. 327 |
| References | p. 328 |
| Index | p. 329 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780792379799
ISBN-10: 0792379799
Series: KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
Published: 31st October 2000
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 368
Audience: General Adult
Publisher: Springer Nature B.V.
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 24.77 x 17.15 x 2.54
Weight (kg): 0.69
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