Intelligent Macromolecules for Smart Devices

From Materials Synthesis to Device Applications

By: Liming Dai

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Hardcover | 16 January 2004

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516 Pages

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24.13 x 15.88 x 3.18

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The age of nanotechnology is upon us. Engineering at the molecular level is no longer a computer-generated curiosity and is beginning to affect the lives of everyone. Molecules which can respond to their environment and the smart machines we can build with them are and will continue to be a vital part of this 21st-century revolution. Liming Dai presents the latest work on many newly-discovered intelligent macromolecular systems and reviews their uses in nano-devices.

Intelligent Macromolecules for Smart Devices features:

- An accessible assessment of the properties and materials chemistry of all the major classes of intelligent macromolecules from optoelectronic biomacromolecules to dendrimers, artificial opals and carbon nanotubes

- In-depth analysis of various smart devices including a critique of the suitability of different molecules for building each type of device

- A concise compilation of the practical applications of intelligent macromolecules including sensors and actuators, polymer batteries, carbon-nanotube supercapacitors, novel lasing species and photovoltaic cells

As an exposition of cutting-edge research against a backdrop of comprehensive review, Intelligent Macromolecules for Smart Devices will be an essential addition to the bookshelf of academic and industrial researchers in nanotechnology. Graduate and senior undergraduate students looking to make their mark in this field of the future will also find it most instructive.

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Paperback

Published: 22nd October 2010

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The Concepts of Intelligent Macromolecules and Smart Devices	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
The Concept of Intelligent Macromolecules	p. 4
Synthetic Macromolecules	p. 4
Chain Structure and Classification	p. 4
Synthesis	p. 6
Chain Conformation	p. 9
Macromolecular Structure in Solution	p. 12
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structure	p. 18
Biological Macromolecules	p. 19
Structure of DNA	p. 19
Structure of Proteins	p. 21
Structure of Polysaccharides	p. 25
Carbon Nanomaterials	p. 27
Intelligent Macromolecules	p. 28
The Concept of Smart Devices	p. 29
Self-assembling and Micro-/Nano-fabrication	p. 29
Functional Structures and Smart Devices	p. 31
References	p. 35
Intelligent Macromolecules
Conducting Polymers	p. 41
Introduction	p. 41
Conjugated Conducting Polymers	p. 42
Structure and Properties	p. 42
¿-¿* Conjugation	p. 42
Doping	p. 43
Synthesis	p. 50
Syntheses of Soluble Conjugated Polymers	p. 51
Syntheses of Conjugated Polymer Films	p. 60
Charge Transfer Polymers	p. 63
Organic Charge Transfer Complexes	p. 63
Polymeric Charge Transfer Complexes	p. 64
Charge Transfer Between Fullerene C₆₀ and Polymers	p. 67
Ionically Conducting Polymers	p. 68
Structural Features of Polymer Electrolytes	p. 68
Transport Properties and Chain Dynamics	p. 69
Conductively Filled Polymers	p. 72
Polymers Filled with Conductive Solids	p. 72
Polymers Filled with Conjugated Conducting Polymers	p. 76
References	p. 76
Stimuli-responsive Polymers	p. 81
Introduction	p. 81
Solvent-responsive Polymers	p. 82
Temperature-responsive Polymers	p. 86
Temperature-responsive Polymers in Solution	p. 86
Temperature-responsive Polymers on Surface	p. 91
pH-responsive Polymers	p. 95
Ionically Responsive Polymers	p. 97
Electrically Responsive Polymers	p. 98
Photoelectrochromism	p. 103
Photoresponsive Polymers	p. 104
Biochromism	p. 111
Photomodulation of Enzyme Activity	p. 113
References	p. 113
Dendrimers and Fullerenes	p. 117
Introduction	p. 117
Dendrimers	p. 119
Synthesis	p. 119
Divergent Approach	p. 119
Convergent-growth Approach	p. 122
Other Miscellaneous Approaches	p. 123
Structure	p. 127
Dendrimers with a Metal Core	p. 127
Dendrimers with a Hollow Core	p. 127
Dendrimers with a Hydrophobic Interior and Hydrophilic Exterior Layer	p. 129
Dendrimers with Guest Molecules Trapped in their Cavities	p. 131
Dendrimers with Different Terminal Groups - Dendritic Block Copolymers	p. 132
Fullerene C₆₀	p. 133
Chemistry of C₆₀	p. 134
Addition Reactions	p. 134
Dimerization and Polymerization	p. 139
Polymeric Derivatives of C₆₀	p. 140
Fullerene Charm Bracelets	p. 141
Fullerene Pearl Necklaces	p. 144
Flagellenes	p. 146
References	p. 150
Carbon Nanotubes	p. 157
Introduction	p. 157
Structure	p. 159
Property	p. 160
Synthesis	p. 165
Multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs)	p. 165
Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs)	p. 166
Purification	p. 167
Microfabrication	p. 168
Opening, Filling and Closing	p. 168
Filling	p. 170
Tip-closing	p. 172
Chemical Modification	p. 172
End-functionalization	p. 173
Oxidation of Carbon Nanotubes	p. 173
Covalent-Coupling via the Oxidized Nanotube Ends	p. 174
Modification of Nanotube Outerwall	p. 179
Sidewall Fluorination of Carbon Nanotubes	p. 179
The Attachment of Dichlorocarbene to the Sidewall	p. 181
Modification via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides	p. 181
The Reaction Between Aniline and Carbon Nanotubes	p. 182
Functionalization of Carbon Nanotube Innerwall	p. 184
Other Physical Chemistries of Carbon Nanotubes	p. 185
Modification of Carbon Nanotubes via Mechanochemical Reactions	p. 185
Modification of Carbon Nanotubes via Electrochemical Reactions	p. 186
Modification of Carbon Nanotubes via Photochemical Reactions	p. 187
Non-covalent Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes	p. 188
Non-covalent Attachment of Small Molecules onto the Nanotube Sidewall	p. 188
Non-covalent Wrapping of Polymer Chains onto the Nanotube Sidewall	p. 190
Modification of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes	p. 191
Plasma Activation of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes	p. 192
Acid Oxidation with Structural Protection	p. 194
Electrochemical Modification of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes	p. 195
References	p. 196
From Intelligent Macromolecules to Smart Devices
Ordered and Patterned Macromolecules	p. 203
Introduction	p. 203
Oriented and Patterned Conjugated Polymers	p. 204
The Necessity	p. 204
For Electronic Applications	p. 204
For Non-linear Optical Applications	p. 205
Oriented Conjugated Polymers	p. 206
Synthesis-induced Orientation	p. 206
Liquid Crystalline Conjugated Polymers	p. 208
Post-synthesis Orientation	p. 213
Patterned Conjugated Polymers	p. 215
Photolithographic Patterning	p. 217
Pattern Formation by Self-assembling	p. 220
Pattern Formation by Polymer Phase Separation	p. 223
Plasma Patterning of Conjugated Polymers	p. 225
Aligned and Patterned Carbon Nanotubes	p. 228
The Necessity	p. 228
Molecular Computing	p. 229
Electron Emitters	p. 229
For Membrane Applications	p. 229
Horizontally Aligned and Micropatterned Carbon Nanotubes	p. 230
Horizontally Aligned Carbon Nanotubes	p. 230
Micropatterns of Horizontally Aligned Carbon Nanotubes	p. 232
Perpendicularly Aligned and Micropatterned Carbon Nanotubes	p. 236
Perpendicularly Aligned Carbon Nanotubes	p. 236
Micropatterns of Perpendicularly Aligned Carbon Nanotubes	p. 239
Perpendicularly Aligned and Micropatterned Carbon Nanotubes by Self-assembly	p. 249
Aligned Non-carbon Nanotubes	p. 252
Aligned B: C: N Nanotubes	p. 252
Aligned Inorganic Nanotubes	p. 252
Aligned Polymer Nanotubes	p. 253
Aligned Peptide Nanotubes	p. 253
References	p. 254
Macromolecular Nanostructures	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
Polymer Nanoparticles	p. 266
Polymer Nanospheres by Polymerization	p. 266
Dispersion of Pre-formed Polymers	p. 268
Polymer Nanosphere by Emulsifying Dispersion	p. 269
Polymer Nanospheres by Supercritical Fluid Method	p. 269
Self-assembling of Pre-formed Polymers	p. 269
Shell-core Polymer Nanoparticles	p. 270
Polymer Nanowires, Nanotubes and Nanofibers	p. 275
Tip-assisted Syntheses of Polymer Nanowires	p. 275
Template Syntheses of Polymer Nanowires, Nanotubes and Nanofibers	p. 279
Electrospinning of Polymer Nanofibers	p. 282
Polymer Nanofilms	p. 286
Polymer Nanofilms by Solution Casting	p. 286
Polymer Nanofilms by Plasma Polymerization	p. 287
Polymer Nanofilms by Langmuir-Blodgett Deposition	p. 288
Polymer Brushes by End-adsorption	p. 289
Polymer Mushrooms	p. 296
Polymer Brushes	p. 297
Nanostructured Polymers with Special Architectures	p. 300
Self-assembly of Ordered Nanoporous Polymers	p. 300
Coaxial Polymer Nanowires and Nanofibers	p. 302
Multilayered Polymer Nanofilms	p. 305
Nanostructured Polymers by Phase Separation	p. 309
References	p. 311
Smart Devices
Electronic Devices	p. 321
Introduction	p. 321
Conjugated Polymer Devices	p. 321
Electromagnetic Shielding	p. 322
Schottky Barrier Diodes and Field-effect Transistors	p. 326
Schottky Barrier Diodes	p. 326
Field-effect Transistors	p. 329
C₆₀ Superconductivity	p. 330
Polymer Batteries and Carbon Nanotube Supercapacitors	p. 333
Conducting Polymer Batteries	p. 333
Biofuel Cells	p. 336
Carbon Nanotube Supercapacitors	p. 337
Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectronics	p. 338
Carbon Nanotube Nanowires	p. 338
Carbon Nanotube Superconductors	p. 340
Carbon Nanotube Rings	p. 340
Carbon Nanotube Nanocircuits	p. 342
Carbon Nanotube-based Random Access Memory (RAM) for Molecular Computing	p. 345
DNA Molecular Wires and DNA Computing	p. 346
DNA Molecular Wires	p. 346
DNA Computing on Chips	p. 351
References	p. 353
Photonic Devices	p. 357
Introduction	p. 357
Light-emitting Polymer Displays	p. 359
Device Construction	p. 359
Quantum Efficiency	p. 361
Interface Engineering	p. 364
Chemical Derivatization of the Metal Electrodes	p. 364
Polymer-polymer Interface	p. 366
Modification of the Charge Injection Characteristics	p. 368
Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells (LECs)	p. 368
Color Tuning	p. 372
Patterned Emission	p. 375
Laser Action of Conjugated Polymers	p. 376
Carbon Nanotube Displays	p. 378
Bucky Light Bulbs and Optical Limiters	p. 381
C₆₀ Light Bulbs	p. 381
C₆₀ Optical Limiters	p. 381
Photovoltaic Cells	p. 383
Polymer Photovoltaic Cells Containing Fullerenes	p. 383
Polymer Photovoltaic Cells Containing Carbon Nanotubes	p. 385
Light-harvesting Dendrimers	p. 387
Electronic Windows, Electrochromic Displays and Electronic Papers	p. 392
Electrochromic Windows	p. 392
Electrochromic Displays	p. 393
Electronic Papers	p. 395
References	p. 397
Sensors and Sensor Arrays	p. 405
Introduction	p. 405
Conjugated Polymers Sensors	p. 406
Conjugated Polymer Sensors with Electrical Transducers	p. 406
Conjugated Polymer Conductometric Sensors	p. 407
Conjugated Polymer Potentiometric Sensors	p. 412
Conjugated Polymer Amperometric Sensors	p. 412
Conjugated Polymer Voltammetric Sensors	p. 413
Conjugated Polymer Sensors with Optical Transducers	p. 413
Conjugated Polymer Fluorescent Ion Chemosensors	p. 413
Conjugated Polymer Fluorescent TNT Sensors	p. 418
Conjugated Polymer Light-harvesting "Turn-on" Sensors	p. 420
Charge Transfer Polymer Sensors	p. 422
Ionically Conducting Polymer Sensors	p. 422
Conductively Filled Polymers Sensors	p. 423
Conductively Filled Polymer Humidity Sensors	p. 424
Conductively Filled Polymer Gas Sensors	p. 425
Conducting Polymer-coated Fabric Sensors: Smart Textiles	p. 425
Dendrimer Sensors	p. 426
Dendrimer Gas Sensors	p. 426
Dendrimer Iodine (Vapor) Sensor	p. 426
Dendrimer SO₂ Gas Sensors	p. 426
Dendrimer CO Gas Sensors	p. 427
Dendrimer Sensors for Carbonyl Compounds	p. 428
Fullerene C₆₀ Sensors	p. 428
Fullerene Humidity Sensors	p. 428
Fullerene Gas Sensors	p. 430
Carbon Nanotube Sensors	p. 431
Carbon Nanotube Gas Sensors	p. 431
Carbon Nanotube Ammonia and Nitrogen Dioxide Sensors	p. 431
Carbon Nanotube Hydrogen Sensors	p. 433
Carbon Nanotube Oxygen Sensors	p. 434
Carbon Nanotube Thermoelectric Nanonose	p. 435
Carbon Nanotube Carbon Dioxide Sensors	p. 439
Carbon Nanotube Pressure and Temperature Sensors	p. 440
Carbon Nanotube Chemical Force Sensors	p. 442
Carbon Nanotube Resonator Mass Sensors	p. 443
Carbon Nanotube Glucose Sensors	p. 444
DNA Sensors	p. 446
DNA Sensors Based on Oligonucleotide-functionalized Polypyrroles	p. 447
DNA Diagnostic Biosensors	p. 447
DNA Sensor for Detection of Hepatitis B Virus	p. 447
DNA Fluorescent Sensor for Lead Ions	p. 448
DNA Molecular Break Lights	p. 449
DNA Quartz Oscillators and Cantilevers	p. 450
Sensors Arrays	p. 451
Conducting Polymer "Electronic Noses"	p. 452
DNA Arrays	p. 454
Protein Arrays	p. 455
References	p. 456
Actuators and Nanomechanical Devices	p. 461
Introduction	p. 461
Conducting Polymer Actuators	p. 462
Self-powered Actuators	p. 465
Conducting Polymer Microtweezers	p. 466
Actuators Based on Composites of Ion-exchange Polymers and Metals	p. 468
Responsive Polymer Actuators	p. 471
Carbon Nanotube Actuators	p. 475
Smart Electromechanical Devices Based on Carbon Nanotubes	p. 478
Carbon Nanotube Quantum Resistors and Nanoresonators	p. 478
Carbon Nanotube Nanoprobes	p. 481
Carbon Nanotube Nanotweezers	p. 483
Carbon Nanotube Bearings, Switches and Gears	p. 484
C₆₀ Abacus and Fullerene Vehicles	p. 487
Smart Devices Based on Biomolecules	p. 488
Flagellar Motors	p. 488
DNA Switches	p. 488
References	p. 489
Index	p. 491
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Intelligent Macromolecules for Smart Devices

From Materials Synthesis to Device Applications

At a Glance

Hardcover

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

Other Editions and Formats

Paperback

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