| River Basin Management at the Lowest Appropriate Level: When and Why Does it Work in Practice? | p. 1 |
| River Basin Management at the Lowest Appropriate Level: When and Why Does It (Not) Work in Practice? | p. 3 |
| Motivation for This Study | p. 3 |
| Study Approach | p. 3 |
| What Does "River Basin Management at the Lowest Appropriate Level" Mean, and Why Is It Important? | p. 4 |
| Analytical Framework | p. 5 |
| Contextual Factors and Initial Conditions | p. 6 |
| Characteristics of the Decentralization Process | p. 9 |
| Central-Local Relationships and Capacities | p. 10 |
| Basin-Level Institutional Arrangements | p. 13 |
| Plan of the Book | p. 14 |
| Comparative Analysis of Case Studies | p. 17 |
| Characteristics of the River Basin Organizations, Decentralization Reforms, and Approaches to Stakeholder Involvement | p. 17 |
| The Basin Cases and the Analytical Framework | p. 22 |
| Questions, Findings, and Conclusions | p. 22 |
| Implications for Policy and Research | p. 32 |
| Determinants of River Basin Management Decentralization: Motivation, Process, and Performance | p. 33 |
| Introduction | p. 33 |
| Development of Hypotheses | p. 34 |
| Background | p. 34 |
| Hypotheses: Analysis of Variables | p. 35 |
| Data and Variable Formation | p. 40 |
| Distributional Facts of the Sample River Basin Organizations | p. 40 |
| Data Manipulation | p. 41 |
| Empirical Analysis | p. 42 |
| The Empirical Models | p. 42 |
| Empirical Specifications of the Decentralization Process and Its Performance | p. 43 |
| Results of the Statistical Analysis | p. 44 |
| Decentralization Process | p. 44 |
| Decentralization Performance | p. 44 |
| Interaction between Decentralization Process and Its Level of Performance | p. 45 |
| Interpretation of Results | p. 45 |
| Conclusion and Policy Implications | p. 47 |
| Statistical Tables | p. 49 |
| Variables Used in the Analysis | p. 60 |
| The Case Studies | p. 63 |
| Australia: Murray-Darling Basin | p. 65 |
| Background | p. 65 |
| Introduction | p. 65 |
| Basin Characteristics | p. 65 |
| Water Resource Problems | p. 66 |
| Decentralization Process | p. 68 |
| Pre-reform Arrangements for Water Resource Management | p. 68 |
| Impetus for Reform | p. 68 |
| Reform Process | p. 69 |
| Current Situation | p. 72 |
| Application of Analytical Framework | p. 73 |
| Contextual Factors and Initial Conditions | p. 73 |
| Characteristics of Decentralization Process | p. 73 |
| Central-Local Relationships and Capacities | p. 75 |
| Internal Configuration of Basin-Level Arrangements | p. 76 |
| Performance Assessment | p. 77 |
| Stakeholder Involvement | p. 77 |
| Developing Institutions for Integrated Water Resource Management | p. 79 |
| Effectiveness and Sustainability | p. 80 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 81 |
| Review of Basin Management Arrangements | p. 81 |
| Future Prospects | p. 82 |
| Brazil: Alto Tiete Basin | p. 85 |
| Background | p. 85 |
| Introduction | p. 85 |
| Basin Characteristics | p. 85 |
| Water Resource Problems | p. 87 |
| Decentralization Process | p. 90 |
| Pre-reform Arrangements for Water Resource Management | p. 90 |
| Impetus for Reform | p. 91 |
| Reform Process | p. 91 |
| Current Situation | p. 94 |
| Application of Analytical Framework | p. 94 |
| Contextual Factors and Initial Conditions | p. 94 |
| Characteristics of Decentralization Process | p. 97 |
| Central-Local Relationships and Capacities | p. 97 |
| Internal Configuration of Basin-Level Arrangements | p. 98 |
| Performance Assessment | p. 99 |
| Stakeholder Involvement | p. 99 |
| Developing Institutions for Integrated Water Resource Management | p. 101 |
| Effectiveness and Sustainability | p. 103 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 105 |
| Review of Basin Management Arrangements | p. 105 |
| Future Prospects | p. 107 |
| Brazil: Jaguaribe Basin | p. 111 |
| Background | p. 111 |
| Introduction | p. 111 |
| Basin Characteristics | p. 111 |
| Water Resource Problems | p. 113 |
| Decentralization Process | p. 115 |
| Pre-reform Arrangements for Water Resource Management | p. 115 |
| Impetus for Reform | p. 115 |
| Reform Process | p. 116 |
| Current Situation | p. 120 |
| Application of Analytical Framework | p. 121 |
| Contextual Factors and Initial Conditions | p. 122 |
| Characteristics of Decentralization Process | p. 122 |
| Central-Local Relationships and Capacities | p. 123 |
| Basin-Level Institutional Arrangements | p. 124 |
| Performance Assessment | p. 124 |
| Stakeholder Involvement | p. 124 |
| Developing Institutions for Integrated Water Resource Management | p. 125 |
| Effectiveness and Sustainability | p. 126 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 127 |
| Review of Basin Management Arrangements | p. 127 |
| Future Prospects | p. 129 |
| Canada: Fraser Basin | p. 131 |
| Background | p. 131 |
| Introduction | p. 131 |
| Basin Characteristics | p. 131 |
| Water Resource Problems | p. 132 |
| Decentralization Process | p. 133 |
| Pre-reform Arrangements for Water Resource Management | p. 133 |
| Impetus for Reform | p. 136 |
| Reform Process | p. 137 |
| Current Situation | p. 139 |
| Application of Analytical Framework | p. 140 |
| Contextual Factors and Initial Conditions | p. 140 |
| Characteristics of Decentralization Process | p. 140 |
| Central-Local Relationships and Capacities | p. 141 |
| Basin-Level Institutional Arrangements | p. 141 |
| Performance Assessment | p. 142 |
| Stakeholder Involvement | p. 142 |
| Developing Institutions for Integrated Water Resource Management | p. 143 |
| Effectiveness and Sustainability | p. 143 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 145 |
| Review of Basin Management Arrangements | p. 145 |
| Future Prospects | p. 146 |
| Costa Rica: Tarcoles Basin | p. 149 |
| Background | p. 149 |
| Introduction | p. 149 |
| Basin Characteristics | p. 149 |
| Water Resource Problems | p. 151 |
| Decentralization Process | p. 152 |
| Pre-reform Arrangements for Water Resource Management | p. 152 |
| Impetus for Reform | p. 153 |
| Reform Process | p. 154 |
| Current Situation | p. 155 |
| Application of Analytical Framework | p. 155 |
| Contextual Factors and Initial Conditions | p. 157 |
| Characteristics of Decentralization Process | p. 158 |
| Central-Local Relationships and Capacities | p. 159 |
| Basin-Level Institutional Arrangements | p. 160 |
| Performance Assessment | p. 160 |
| Stakeholder Involvement | p. 160 |
| Developing Institutions for Integrated Water Resource Management | p. 162 |
| Effectiveness and Sustainability | p. 163 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 164 |
| Review of Basin Management Arrangements | p. 164 |
| Future Prospects | p. 165 |
| Indonesia: Brantas Basin | p. 167 |
| Background | p. 167 |
| Introduction | p. 167 |
| Basin Characteristics | p. 167 |
| Water Resource Problems | p. 168 |
| Decentralization Process | p. 170 |
| Pre-reform Arrangements for Water Resource Management | p. 170 |
| Impetus for Reform | p. 170 |
| Reform Process | p. 172 |
| Current Situation | p. 173 |
| Application of Analytical Framework | p. 175 |
| Contextual Factors and Initial Conditions | p. 176 |
| Characteristics of Decentralization Process | p. 176 |
| Central-Local Relationships and Capacities | p. 177 |
| Basin-Level Institutional Arrangements | p. 178 |
| Performance Assessment | p. 179 |
| Stakeholder Involvement | p. 179 |
| Developing Institutions for Integrated Water Resource Management | p. 180 |
| Effectiveness and Sustainability | p. 181 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 182 |
| Review of Basin Management Arrangements | p. 182 |
| Future Prospects | p. 185 |
| Poland: Warta Basin | p. 187 |
| Background | p. 187 |
| Introduction | p. 187 |
| Basin Characteristics | p. 187 |
| Water Resource Problems | p. 188 |
| Decentralization Process | p. 190 |
| Pre-reform Arrangements for Water Resource Management | p. 190 |
| Impetus for Reform | p. 191 |
| Reform Process | p. 191 |
| Current Situation | p. 193 |
| Application of Analytical Framework | p. 194 |
| Contextual Factors and Initial Conditions | p. 194 |
| Characteristics of Decentralization Process | p. 194 |
| Central-Local Relationships and Capacities | p. 195 |
| Basin-Level Institutional Arrangements | p. 196 |
| Performance Assessment | p. 197 |
| Stakeholder Involvement | p. 197 |
| Developing Institutions for Integrated Water Resource Management | p. 199 |
| Effectiveness and Sustainability | p. 200 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 203 |
| Review of Basin Management Arrangements | p. 203 |
| Future Prospects | p. 203 |
| Spain: Guadalquivir Basin | p. 207 |
| Background | p. 207 |
| Introduction | p. 207 |
| Basin Characteristics | p. 208 |
| Water Resource Problems | p. 208 |
| Decentralization Process | p. 209 |
| Pre-reform Arrangements for Water Resource Management | p. 209 |
| Impetus for Reform | p. 209 |
| Reform Process | p. 211 |
| Current Situation | p. 212 |
| Application of Analytical Framework | p. 216 |
| Contextual Factors and Initial Conditions | p. 216 |
| Characteristics of Decentralization Process | p. 216 |
| Central-Local Relationships and Capacities | p. 217 |
| Basin-Level Institutional Arrangements | p. 218 |
| Performance Assessment | p. 219 |
| Stakeholder Involvement | p. 219 |
| Developing Institutions for Integrated Water Resource Management | p. 219 |
| Effectiveness and Sustainability | p. 221 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 223 |
| Review of Basin Management Arrangements | p. 223 |
| Future Prospects | p. 226 |
| Conclusion | p. 227 |
| River Basin Management: Conclusions and Implications | p. 229 |
| Patience Is a Virtue | p. 230 |
| One Size Does Not Fit All | p. 232 |
| Possibilities Are Everywhere | p. 234 |
| Shared Responsibility Is Essential | p. 236 |
| References | p. 239 |
| Additional Reading | p. 245 |
| Index | p. 249 |
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