List of Contributors ix
Preface xiii
Part I Issues in Signal Generation 1
1 Towards Greater Naturalness: Future Directions of Research in Speech Synthesis 3
Eric Keller
2 Towards More Versatile Signal Generation Systems 18
Gerard Bailly
3 A Parametric Harmonic â¡ Noise Model 22
Gerard Bailly
4 The COST 258 Signal Generation Test Array 39
Gerard Bailly
5 Concatenative Text-to-Speech Synthesis Based on Sinusoidal Modelling 52
Eduardo Rodrµguez Banga,Carmen Garcµa Mateo and Xavier Fernandez Salgado
6 Shape Invariant Pitch and Time-Scale Modification of Speech Based on a Harmonic Model 64
Darragh O'Brien and Alex Monaghan
7 Concatenative Speech Synthesis Using SRELP 76
Erhard Rank
Part II Issues in Prosody 87
8 Prosody in Synthetic Speech: Problems, Solutions and Challenges 89
Alex Monaghan
9 State-of-the-Art Summary of European Synthetic Prosody R&D 93
Alex Monaghan
10 Modelling FO in Various Romance Languages: Implementation in Some TTS Systems 104
Philippe Martin
11 Acoustic Characterisation of the Tonic Syllable in Portuguese 120
Joao Paulo Ramos Teixeira and Diamantino R.S. Freitas
12 Prosodic Parameters of Synthetic Czech: Developing Rules for Duration and Intensity 129
Marie Dohalska,Jana Mejvaldova and Tomas Dube�da
13 MFGI, a Linguistically Motivated Quantitative Model of German Prosody 134
Hansjorg Mixdorff
14 Improvements in Modelling the FO Contour for Different Types of Intonation Units in Slovene 144
Ales Dobnikar
15 Representing Speech Rhythm 154
Brigitte Zellner Keller and Eric Keller
16 Phonetic and Timing Considerations in a Swiss High German TTS System 165
Beat Siebenhaar,Brigitte Zellner Keller and Eric Keller
17 Corpus-based Development of Prosodic Models Across Six Languages 176
Justin Fackrell,Halewijn Vereecken,Cynthia Grover, Jean-Pierre Martens and Bert Van Coile
18 Vowel Reduction in German Read Speech 186
Christina Widera
Part III Issues in Styles of Speech 197
19 Variability and Speaking Styles in Speech Synthesis 199
Jacques Terken
20 An Auditory Analysis of the Prosody of Fast and Slow Speech Styles in English, Dutch and German 204
Alex Monaghan
21 Automatic Prosody Modelling of Galician and its Application to Spanish 218
Eduardo Lopez Gonzalo,Juan M. Villar Navarro and Luis A. Hernandez Gomez
22 Reduction and Assimilatory Processes in Conversational French Speech: Implications for Speech Synthesis 228
Danielle Duez
23 Acoustic Patterns of Emotions 237
Branka Zei Pollermann and Marc Archinard
24 The Role of Pitch and Tempo in Spanish Emotional Speech: Towards Concatenative Synthesis 246
Juan Manuel Montero Martinez,Juana M. Gutierrez Arriola, Ricardo de Cordoba Herralde,Emilia Victoria Enrµquez Carrasco and Jose Manuel Pardo Munoz
25 Voice Quality and the Synthesis of Affect 252
Ailbhe Nµ Chasaide and Christer Gobl
26 Prosodic Parameters of a `Fun' Speaking Style 264
Kjell Gustafson and David House
27 Dynamics of the Glottal Source Signal: Implications for Naturalness in Speech Synthesis 273
Christer Gobl and Ailbhe Nµ Chasaide
28 A Nonlinear Rhythmic Component in Various Styles of Speech 284
Brigitte Zellner Keller and Eric Keller
Part IV Issues in Segmentation and Mark-up 293
29 Issues in Segmentation and Mark-up 295
Mark Huckvale
30 The Use and Potential of Extensible Mark-up ï½XML) in Speech Generation 297
Mark Huckvale
31 Mark-up for Speech Synthesis: A Review and Some Suggestions 307
Alex Monaghan
32 Automatic Analysis of Prosody for Multi-lingual Speech Corpora 320
Daniel Hirst
33 Automatic Speech Segmentation Based on Alignment with a Text-to-Speech System 328
Petr Horak
34 Using the COST 249 Reference Speech Recogniser for Automatic Speech Segmentation 339
Narada D. Warakagoda and Jon E. Natvig
Part V Future Challenges 349
35 Future Challenges 351
Eric Keller
36 Towards Naturalness, or the Challenge of Subjectiveness 353
Genevieve Caelen-Haumont
37 Synthesis Within Multi-Modal Systems 363
Andrew Breen
38 A Multi-Modal Speech Synthesis Tool Applied to Audio-Visual Prosody 372
Jonas Beskow,Bjorn Granstrom and David House
39 Interface Design for Speech Synthesis Systems 383
Gudrun Flach
Index 391