Human Behavior and Environment

1 The Pursuit of Understanding: An Intellectual History.- How It All Began: People, Places, and Events.- Growing Disenchantment.- The Making of an Environmental Psychologist.- Concepts and Assumptions of an Environmental Psychologist.- Today and Tomorrow.- References.- 2 A Fish Who Studies Water.- Plan.- Early Academic Influences.- Orthogonal Lines.- University of California-Davis.- A Different Approach.- Choice of Topic.- Choice of Method.- Writing Style.- Dual Dissemination.- Consultation.- Problems and Frustrations.- Expert Witness as Hired Gun.- Future Directions.- References.- 3 Settings of a Professional Lifetime.- The 1928 Person.- Stanford University, 1929-1935.- Terman's Seminar.- Miles's Later Maturity Facility.- Stone's Animal Laboratory.- University of Iowa, 1935-1937.- Lewin's Offices.- Nursery School Laboratory.- Topology Meetings.- Harvard University, 1937-1938.- Murray's Clinic.- Child Psychology Class.- Boring's Sack Lunch.- University of Illinois, 1938-1942.- Study at Home.- Extension Classes.- Stanford University, 1942-1945.- Office of Disability Survey.- Clark University, 1946-1947.- University of Kansas, 1947-1972.- Office of Department Chairman.- Field Station in Oskaloosa.- Other Places, Other People.- Conclusion.- References.- 4 Science and the Failure of Architecture: An Intellectual History.- Why Intellectual Histories?.- Personal Background.- Chance and Places.- Chance-Times and Zeitgeist.- My View of Architecture.- My View of Environment-Behavior Studies (EBS).- Continuity in My Work.- Recent Work.- Conclusion.- References.- 5 From the Pragmatic to the Spiritual: An Intellectual Autobiography.- Immigration to the United States and Early Housing Research.- Teaching: The Early Years.- Consulting.- Beneath the Surface: The Environment as Metaphor.- Merging Academic and Personal Concerns.- Teaching: New Directions.- Introspection as Inspiration.- The New Paradigm.- Future Work.- References.- 6 Environmental and Personality Psychology: Two Collective Narratives and Four Individual Story Lines.- Collective Narrative I: The Invasion of the Paradigms in the Development of Environmental Psychology.- Individual Story Line: Observational Assessment of Environments.- Individual Story Line: Assessing Environmental Dispositions.- Collective Narrative II: Historical Fates of Personality Research Methods.- Individual Story Line. Field Studies in Personality: The Act Frequency Approach.- Individual Story Line: Naturalistic Observational Assessment and the Reputational Analysis of Personality.- Conclusions.- Influences upon Individual Story Lines.- Individual Story Lines and Collective Narratives.- Context in Environmental and Personality Psychology.- References.- 7 Paths toward Environmental Consciousness.- Some Cautions about Personal Accounts.- My New York Identity.- The Changing Paths.- Beyond the Institutions.- The Public Arena.- Dealing with Homelessness.- The New York Context.- With a View toward the Future.- References.- 8 Thinking...As Much Fun as Sex, Drugs, and Rock'n Roll.- A Quirky Mind That Spatializes Almost Everything.- Paying Attention to Patterns and People.- Not Much and Not Very Higher Education.- A Finishing School and Early Teaching.- Emphasizing Esthetics in Design.- Transition from a Paradigm of Esthetics to One of Users.- Emphasizing Psychosocial Needs of Users in Design.- Finding Some Useful Intellectual Tools.- Design/Research as a Business.- Transition from a Paradigm of Design/Research to One of Design as a Humanity.- Emphasizing Design as a Branch of the Humanities: Present Work.- Archetypes of Place and the Mythic Consciousness.- Public Life and Public Place: Ontology and Transformation.- A Summary of the History.- About the Making of This Intellectual History.- References.- 9 Toward a Transactional Perspective: A Personal Journey.- A Conceptual Framework.- Phase I: Psychological Processes as Complex and Holistic, with Dynamic Temporal Qualities (P,T,e).- Phase II: Physical Environment as an Aspect of Psychological Processes (P,E,t).- Phase III: The Unity of Places and Psychological Processes (E,P,t).- Phase IV: Temporal Qualities of Environmental Places (T,E,p) and Temporal Qualities of Psychological Processes (T,P,e).- Phase V: The Transactional Unity of Psychological Processes, Physical Environments/Places, and Temporal Factors (P,E,T).- Philosophical Analyses of World Views.- Research Methodology.- Sociological Analyses.- Empirical Research.- Retrospective and Prospective.- References.- 10 One Person-in-His-Environments.- Precursors.- General Factors.- The Sociocultural Context.- The Clark University Context.- Academic Background.- The General Approach.- Assumptions of the Perspective.- Predispositions toward Assumptions: People and Places.- Holism: Levels of Organization/Integration.- Constructivism.- Multiple Intentionality.- Definition of Environment/of Person.- Person-in-Environment as a Unit of Analysis.- Cognition, Affection, Valuation.- Developmental Analysis.- Teleological Directedness.- Planning.- Relations between Experience and Action.- Research Program on Critical Person-in-Environment Transitions.- Issues and Challenges for the Future.- Apologia.- References.- 11 Landscape Research: Planned and Serendipitous.- A Few Caveats.- The Paradigms.- 20-20 Hindsight.- From Teacher-Practitioner to Teacher-Researcher.- A Paradigm Shift.- An Emphasis on Research.- Cross-Cultural Studies.- Experiencing a New Landscape.- Riparian Landscapes.- Perceiving Landscape Change.- Looking Backward and Forward.- References.- 12 In Search of Objectives.- Early Days.- Office Size.- Room Meaning.- The Architectural Context.- Psychology for Architects.- The Japanese Experience.- Ethnoscapes.- Emerging Conceptualizations of Place.- A Student Quest.- The Theory of Place.- The Journal of Environmental Psychology.- Fire Research.- Building Evaluations.- Facet Theory.- Purposive Evaluation.- Place Goals.- A Developing Theory of Environmental (Social) Psychology.- The Feasibility of Application.- Embracing the "Media".- Beyond Applicability.- Broadening Horizons.- References.- 13 An Environmental Psychologist Ages.- Basic versus Applied: Love of Humanity and Love of Knowledge.- Gerontology: Applied and Empirical.- Midcareer Gerontology: Interaction.- Basic Research, Applied Research, and Dissemination.- Theory and Empirics.- Person, Environment, and Transaction.- Present and Future Research.- Conclusion.- References.