Honey

List of Contributors vii

Preface x

1 General Introduction 1
Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao, Ng Choon Ming, Md. Ibrahim Khalil, and Siew Hua Gan

2 Physical Properties of Honey 12
Rizwana Afroz, E.M. Tanvir, and Md. Murad Hossain

3 Carbohydrates in Honey 32
Md. Murad Hossain, Dhirendra Nath Barman, Md. Anisur Rahman, and Shahad Saif Khandker

4 Lipid and Fatty Acids in Honey 46
Dhirendra Nath Barman, Md. Anisur Rahman, and Md. Murad Hossain

5 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes 50
Md. Murad Hossain, Dhirendra Nath Barman, and Md. Anisur Rahman

6 Vitamins 66
Ng Choon Ming, Md. Ibrahim Khalil, and Siew Hua Gan

7 Minerals and Trace Elements 80
Md. Solayman

8 Organic Acids in Honey 102
Md. Anisur Rahman, Md. Murad Hossain, and Dhirendra Nath Barman

9 Polyphenols and Antioxidants 113
Md. Sakib Hossen and Md. Yousuf Ali

10 Aroma Compounds 137
Md. Mijanur Rahman, Nusrat Fatima, and Nur-E-Alam Copyrighted Material

11 Furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural 152
Md. Solayman, Ummay Mahfuza Shapla, and Md. Ibrahim Khalil

12 Other Possible Contaminants, Toxic Compounds, and Microbial Growth 167
Fahmida Alam, Kashif Maroof, Ng Choon Ming, Md. Ibrahim Khalil, and Siew Hua Gan

13 Antimicrobial Properties of Honey 186
Mahendran Sekar, Nur Zulaikha Azwa Zuraini, Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani, Pei Teng Lum, and Siew Hua Gan

14 Use of Honey in Cardiovascular Diseases 197
Shridhar C. Ghagane and Aimen A. Akbar

15 Use of Honey in Diabetes 210
Mahendran Sekar, Nurul Amirah Mohd Zaid, Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani, and Siew Hua Gan

16 Use of Honey in Kidney Disease 220
R. B. Nerli, Saziya R. Bidi, and Shridhar C. Ghagane

17 Use of Honey in Liver Disease 224
Mahendran Sekar, Pei Teng Lum, Srinivasa Reddy Bonam, and Siew Hua Gan

18 Use of Honey in Immune Disorders and Human Immunodeficiency Virus 235
Wan Nazirah Wan Yusuf, Suk Peng Tang, Noor Suryani Mohd Ashari, and Che Badariah Abd Aziz

19 Use of Honey in Sports Medicine 250
Foong Kiew Ooi and Chee Keong Chen

20 Medicinal Properties of Royal Jelly 263
Wendy Wai Yeng Yeo, Usha Sundralingam, and Sathiya Maran

21 Medicinal Benefits of Propolis 278
Kashif Maroof, Yim Yee Jin, Siew Liang Ching, and Siew Hua Gan

22 Medicinal Benefits of Bee Venom 302
Mahendran Sekar, Pei Teng Lum, Srinivasa Reddy Bonam, and Siew Hua Gan

23 Medicinal Properties of Stingless Bee Honey 314
Mahendran Sekar, Ahmad Yasser Hamdi Nor Azlan, Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani, and Siew Hua Gan

24 Economic Benefits of Honey and Honey Products 330
Sridevi I. Puranik, Aimen A. Akbar, and Shridhar C. Ghagane

Index 340