| List of figures | p. xi |
| List of tables | p. xv |
| About the authors | p. xvi |
| To the Reader | p. xvii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xviii |
| Introduction | p. xix |
| Equipment familiarization: multimeter, breadboard, and oscilloscope | p. 1 |
| Multimeter | p. 1 |
| Breadboard | p. 2 |
| Measuring voltage | p. 4 |
| Measuring current; resistance and Ohm's law | p. 5 |
| Measuring resistance | p. 8 |
| Oscilloscope | p. 8 |
| Probes and probe test | p. 10 |
| Display | p. 11 |
| Vertical controls | p. 11 |
| Horizontal sweep | p. 12 |
| Triggering | p. 12 |
| Additional features | p. 13 |
| RC circuits | p. 15 |
| Review of capacitors | p. 15 |
| Use of capacitors; review of AC circuits | p. 17 |
| Types and values of capacitors | p. 19 |
| Review of current, voltage, and power | p. 20 |
| Destructive demonstration of resistor power rating | p. 21 |
| Potentiometer as voltage divider | p. 22 |
| DC voltage divider | p. 23 |
| AC voltage divider | p. 23 |
| RC circuit | p. 24 |
| RC circuit as integrator | p. 24 |
| Low-pass filter | p. 25 |
| RC circuit as differentiator | p. 27 |
| High-pass filter | p. 28 |
| Summary of high- and low-pass filters | p. 28 |
| Diodes | p. 31 |
| Semiconductor basics | p. 31 |
| Types of diodes | p. 35 |
| Rectification | p. 36 |
| Diode action--a more sophisticated view | p. 37 |
| Measuring the diode characteristic | p. 38 |
| Exploring rectification | p. 40 |
| Input and output impedance | p. 45 |
| Bipolar transistors | p. 47 |
| Bipolar-junction-transistor basics | p. 47 |
| Basic definitions | p. 50 |
| Simplest way to analyze transistor circuits | p. 51 |
| Ebers-Moll transistor model | p. 52 |
| Experiments | p. 54 |
| Checking transistors with a meter | p. 54 |
| Emitter follower | p. 55 |
| Common-emitter amplifier | p. 57 |
| Collector as current source | p. 59 |
| Transistor switch | p. 60 |
| Additional exercises | p. 61 |
| Darlington connection | p. 61 |
| Push-pull driver | p. 62 |
| Common-base amplifier | p. 63 |
| Transistors II: FETs | p. 65 |
| Field-effect transistors | p. 65 |
| FET characteristics | p. 66 |
| Modeling FET action | p. 68 |
| Exercises | p. 69 |
| FET characteristics | p. 69 |
| FET current source | p. 70 |
| Source follower | p. 71 |
| JFET amplifier | p. 73 |
| Transistors III: differential amplifier | p. 75 |
| Differential amplifier | p. 75 |
| Operating principle | p. 76 |
| Expected differential gain | p. 76 |
| Measuring the differential gain | p. 77 |
| Input offset voltage | p. 78 |
| Common-mode gain | p. 78 |
| Op amps and their building blocks | p. 79 |
| Current mirror | p. 79 |
| Differential amplifier with current-source loads | p. 80 |
| Improved current mirror | p. 82 |
| Wilson current mirror | p. 82 |
| Introduction to operational amplifiers | p. 85 |
| The 741 operational amplifier | p. 85 |
| 741 pinout and power connections | p. 86 |
| An ideal op amp | p. 87 |
| Gain of inverting and noninverting amplifiers | p. 88 |
| Op amp 'golden rules' | p. 90 |
| The nonideal op amp | p. 90 |
| Experiments | p. 91 |
| Testing open-loop gain | p. 91 |
| Inverting amplifier | p. 92 |
| Noninverting amplifier | p. 93 |
| Voltage follower | p. 94 |
| Difference amplifier | p. 95 |
| Additional experiments | p. 97 |
| Current source | p. 97 |
| Noninverting summing amp with difference amplifier | p. 98 |
| More op amp applications | p. 101 |
| Op amp signal processing | p. 101 |
| Differentiator | p. 102 |
| Integrator | p. 103 |
| Logarithmic and exponential amplifiers | p. 105 |
| Experiments | p. 106 |
| Differential and integral amplifiers | p. 106 |
| Logarithmic and exponential amplifiers | p. 108 |
| Op amp active rectifier | p. 108 |
| Op amp with push-pull power driver | p. 109 |
| Additional exercises | p. 111 |
| Comparators and oscillators | p. 113 |
| Experiments | p. 113 |
| Op amp as comparator | p. 113 |
| Unintentional feedback: oscillation | p. 115 |
| Intentional positive feedback: Schmitt trigger | p. 116 |
| RC relaxation oscillator | p. 117 |
| 555 timer IC | p. 118 |
| Additional experiments | p. 121 |
| Alarm! | p. 121 |
| Sine/cosine oscillator | p. 122 |
| Active bandpass filter | p. 123 |
| Combinational logic | p. 125 |
| Digital logic basics | p. 125 |
| Logic levels | p. 126 |
| Logic families and history | p. 127 |
| Logic gates | p. 129 |
| Summary of Boolean algebra | p. 130 |
| CMOS and TTL compared | p. 131 |
| Diode logic | p. 131 |
| Transistor-transistor logic (TTL) | p. 132 |
| Complementary MOSFET logic (CMOS) | p. 133 |
| Powering TTL and TTL-compatible integrated circuits | p. 136 |
| Experiments | p. 137 |
| LED logic indicators and level switches | p. 137 |
| MOSFETs | p. 138 |
| CMOS NAND gate | p. 140 |
| Using NANDs to implement other logic functions | p. 140 |
| TTL quad XOR gate | p. 141 |
| Additional exercises | p. 142 |
| 7485 4-bit magnitude comparator | p. 142 |
| Flip-flops: saving a logic state | p. 143 |
| General comments | p. 144 |
| Schematics | p. 144 |
| Breadboard layout | p. 144 |
| Synchronous logic | p. 144 |
| Timing diagrams | p. 144 |
| Flip-flop basics | p. 145 |
| Simple RS latch | p. 145 |
| D-type flip-flop | p. 147 |
| JK flip-flop | p. 148 |
| Tri-state outputs | p. 149 |
| Flip-flop applications | p. 151 |
| Divide-by-four from JK flip-flops | p. 151 |
| Contact bounce | p. 152 |
| Electronic coin toss | p. 153 |
| Monostables, counters, multiplexers, and RAM | p. 155 |
| Multivibrators | p. 156 |
| Counters | p. 156 |
| Experiments | p. 157 |
| Bi-quinary ripple counter | p. 157 |
| Monostable multivibrator | p. 159 |
| Multiplexer and finite-state machine | p. 162 |
| RAM | p. 162 |
| Digital [left and right arrow] analog conversion | p. 167 |
| A simple D/A converter fabricated from familiar chips | p. 168 |
| Tracking ADC | p. 170 |
| 080x ADC and DAC chips | p. 171 |
| Successive-approximation ADC | p. 171 |
| Additional exercises | p. 177 |
| Digital recording | p. 177 |
| Successive-approximation ADC built from components | p. 178 |
| Further reading | p. 183 |
| Equipment and supplies | p. 185 |
| Common abbreviations and circuit symbols | p. 188 |
| RC circuits: frequency-domain analysis | p. 191 |
| Pinouts | p. 194 |
| Glossary of basic electrical and electronic terms | p. 197 |
| Index | p. 199 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
