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At a Glance
864 Pages
23.5 x 15.88 x 3.81
Hardcover
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- Handy, portable reference with thousands of equations and procedures
- There is currently no other reference or handbook on the market that focuses only on gas well testing
- Offers "one stop shopping" for the drilling and reservoir engineer on gas well testing issues
| Foreword | p. xv |
| Preface | p. xvii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xix |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Role of Gas Well Tests and Information in Petroleum Engineering | p. 1 |
| History of Gas Well Testing | p. 1 |
| Gas Well Test Data Acquisition, Analysis, and Management | p. 2 |
| Selecting Gas Wells for Optimum Stimulation Treatment | p. 3 |
| Reservoir System Characterization Process | p. 4 |
| Scopes and Objective | p. 7 |
| Organization | p. 7 |
| Unit Systems and Conversions | p. 7 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 9 |
| Application of Fluid Flow Equations to Gas Systems | p. 11 |
| Introduction | p. 11 |
| Steady-State Laminar Flow | p. 12 |
| Steady-State Turbulence Flow | p. 18 |
| Pseudo-Steady-State (Finite) Flow | p. 21 |
| Unsteady-State (Transient) Flow | p. 23 |
| Gas Radial Diffusivity Equation | p. 23 |
| Basic Gas Flow Equations | p. 24 |
| One-Dimensional Coordinate Systems | p. 26 |
| Radial Gas Flow Equations in Dimensionless Variables and Groups | p. 27 |
| Analytical Solutions of Gas Flow Equations | p. 34 |
| Application of Superposition Techniques | p. 49 |
| Choice of Equation for Gas Flow Testing and Analysis | p. 62 |
| Skin, IT Flow, and Wellbore Storage Effects | p. 64 |
| Numerical Solutions of Partial Differential Equations | p. 71 |
| Summary | p. 80 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 81 |
| Well Testing Techniques in Horizontal Gas Wells | p. 84 |
| Introduction | p. 84 |
| Steady-State Gas Flow | p. 84 |
| Pressure Transient Characteristics in Horizontal Gas Wells | p. 88 |
| Pseudo-steady-State Gas Flow | p. 93 |
| Horizontal Transient Well Testing Techniques | p. 102 |
| Problems in Testing Horizontal Wells | p. 122 |
| Horizontal Well Application in Tight Gas Reservoirs | p. 122 |
| Influence of Turbulence in High-Permeability Gas Wells | p. 124 |
| Turbulence Identification | p. 125 |
| Inflow Performance Responses in Vertical and Horizontal Gas Wells | p. 125 |
| Estimating Reservoir Properties from Production Histories | p. 132 |
| Summary | p. 138 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 138 |
| Deliverability Testing and Well Production Potential Analysis Methods | p. 140 |
| Introduction | p. 140 |
| Gas Flow in Infinite-Acting Reservoirs | p. 140 |
| Stabilized Flow Equations | p. 141 |
| Application of Transient Flow Equations | p. 142 |
| Classifications, Limitations, and Use of Deliverability Tests | p. 147 |
| Flow-Rate, Pressure Behavior, and Deliverability Plots | p. 149 |
| Gas Well Deliverability Testing and Production Potential Analysis | p. 153 |
| Stabilized Deliverability Equation | p. 196 |
| Stabilized Deliverability Relationship Using Graphical Method | p. 202 |
| Estimation of Gas Well Deliverability from Short Flow Tests | p. 206 |
| Predicting Gas Well Deliverability Using Type Curves | p. 219 |
| Estimation of Skin Factors from Well Completion Data | p. 228 |
| Laminar-Inertial Turbulent Flow Analysis | p. 229 |
| Summary | p. 234 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 235 |
| Fundamentals of Drawdown Test Analysis Methods | p. 237 |
| Introduction | p. 237 |
| Characteristics of Flow and Gas Well Transient Testing | p. 237 |
| Pressure-Time History for Constant-Rate Drawdown Test | p. 238 |
| Characteristics of Various Flow Regimes | p. 238 |
| Pressure-Time Behavior in Gas Wells with Horizontal and Vertical Fractures | p. 244 |
| Uses of Pressure Drawdown Tests | p. 244 |
| Analysis of Early-Time Flow Data | p. 245 |
| Estimating Formation Characteristics from Transient Flow Test Data | p. 251 |
| Analysis of Pseudo-steady-State Flow Data | p. 309 |
| Application of Stabilized Deliverability Equation | p. 315 |
| Alternative Form of the Deliverability Equation | p. 316 |
| Summary | p. 316 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 317 |
| Fundamentals of Pressure Buildup Analysis Methods | p. 319 |
| Introduction | p. 319 |
| Pressure Buildup Behavior Curves | p. 319 |
| Uses and Practical Applications of Pressure Buildup Tests | p. 321 |
| Type Curves and Desuperposition | p. 321 |
| Tests Utilizing Early-Time Data | p. 322 |
| Tests Utilizing Middle-Time and Late-Time Data | p. 322 |
| Pressure-Time Behavior of Infinite-Acting Reservoirs | p. 323 |
| Finite Reservoir Behavior | p. 337 |
| Average Reservoir Pressure Estimating Techniques | p. 340 |
| Other Methods for Analyzing Pressure Buildup Test Data | p. 343 |
| Pressure Behavior Analysis and Estimating Formation Characteristics | p. 353 |
| Concept of Drainage Radius | p. 393 |
| Analysis of Responses in Composite Reservoirs | p. 395 |
| Summary | p. 395 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 396 |
| Predicting Future Deliverability Using Empirical Relationships | p. 398 |
| Introduction | p. 398 |
| Empirical Treatment | p. 398 |
| Fractured Gas Well Deliverability Estimation Techniques | p. 406 |
| Summary | p. 415 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 415 |
| Application of Type Curve Matching Techniques | p. 417 |
| Introduction | p. 417 |
| Fundamentals of Type Curve Matching | p. 417 |
| Mechanics of Type Curve Matching | p. 419 |
| Type Curves for Constant Production Rate, Infinite-Acting Reservoirs | p. 419 |
| Storage and Skin Type Curve Matching Techniques | p. 430 |
| Fracture Type Curve Matching Techniques | p. 430 |
| Summary | p. 444 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 444 |
| Pressure Derivative Method of Analysis | p. 446 |
| Introduction | p. 446 |
| Calculation of Pressure Derivative Functions | p. 446 |
| Log-Log Diagonostic Plots of Pressure Change and Its Derivative | p. 446 |
| Pressure Derivative Trends for Other Common Flow Regimes | p. 448 |
| Homogenous Reservoir Systems | p. 448 |
| Fractured Reservoir Systems with Double Porosity Behavior | p. 463 |
| Summary | p. 469 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 470 |
| Massive Hydraulic Fractured Gas Well Behavior Analysis | p. 472 |
| Introduction | p. 472 |
| Methods of Evaluating MHF Fractured Gas Wells | p. 472 |
| Evaluation of Fracturing Treatments | p. 472 |
| Pressure Transient Analysis in MHF Gas Wells | p. 486 |
| Fracture Characteristics Estimation Using Pressure Transient Testing | p. 494 |
| Pretreatment Testing of Hydraulic Fractured Candidate | p. 499 |
| Pressure Transient Responses under Constant Rate | p. 500 |
| Summary | p. 505 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 506 |
| Fractured Gas Well Behavior Analysis Using Bilinear Flow Theory | p. 507 |
| Introduction | p. 507 |
| Special Type Curves for Pressure Analysis of Fractured Gas Wells | p. 507 |
| Flow Regime Identification | p. 508 |
| Transient Pressure Behavior Analysis | p. 515 |
| Specific Interpretation Methods | p. 516 |
| Summary | p. 534 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 534 |
| Practical Application of Interference and Pulse Tests | p. 536 |
| Introduction | p. 536 |
| Interefrence Test Analysis Techniques | p. 536 |
| Analysis of Pulse Test Pressure Response | p. 541 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 550 |
| Well Testing Terminology in Multilayered Reservoir Systems | p. 551 |
| Introduction | p. 551 |
| Classification of Layered Reservoir Systems | p. 551 |
| Pressure Analysis Methods in Layered Gas Reservoirs | p. 554 |
| Multilayered Responses in Fractured Gas Reservoirs | p. 558 |
| Pressure-Production Performance Response Equations | p. 560 |
| Flow Identification and Performance Analysis | p. 561 |
| Pressure Buildup Behavior in Layered Reservoir Systems | p. 562 |
| Determining Reservoir Characteristics in Commingled Systems | p. 564 |
| Factors Affecting Performance | p. 564 |
| Economic Aspects of Interlayer Crossflow | p. 565 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 565 |
| Pressure Behavior Analysis in Heterogeneous Reservoir Systems | p. 567 |
| Introduction | p. 567 |
| Causes of Heterogeneities | p. 567 |
| Pressure-Dependent Properties | p. 568 |
| Pressure Responses Near Flow Barriers | p. 568 |
| Effect of Lateral Changes on Pressure Behavior | p. 578 |
| Evaluation of Heterogeneity of Reservoir Rock Porosity Systems | p. 579 |
| Use of Pressure Transient Tests to Describe Reservoir Heterogeneity | p. 589 |
| Detecting Fracture Trends and Reservoir Heterogeneities | p. 590 |
| Determination of Reservoir Parameters and Fracture Orientations | p. 593 |
| Investigating Reservoir Heterogeneity by Multiple-Well Tests | p. 595 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 609 |
| Gas Well Testing Field Case Studies | p. 611 |
| Introduction | p. 611 |
| Gas Well Test Evaluation Sheet | p. 611 |
| Shallow Low-Pressure and Highly Productive Gas Reservoirs | p. 613 |
| Recommended Form of Rules of Procedure for Backpressure Tests Required by State Regulatory Bodies | p. 614 |
| Appropriate State Report Forms | p. 615 |
| Stimulation Efforts Evaluation, Summary, and Recommendations | p. 616 |
| Formation Characteristics from Fractured Carbonate Gas Reservoirs | p. 621 |
| Buildup Interpretations Before and After Workovers | p. 625 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 636 |
| Application of Decline Curve Analysis Methods | p. 637 |
| Introduction | p. 637 |
| Transient Decline Behavior Analysis | p. 637 |
| Pseudo-steady-State Decline | p. 640 |
| Characteristics and Classifications of Production Decline Curves | p. 642 |
| Horizontal Gas Reservoir Performance Using Production Type Curves | p. 654 |
| Horizontal and Fractured Vertical Gas Reservoir Production Forecasting | p. 657 |
| Estimating In-Place Gas Reserves | p. 660 |
| Determination of Economic Limit | p. 663 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 663 |
| Overall Skin Effects and Impact on Gas Well Performance | p. 664 |
| Introduction | p. 664 |
| Rate Dependent Skin Factor | p. 664 |
| Skin Factor Due to Partial Penetration | p. 667 |
| Skin Factor Due to Perforation | p. 671 |
| Skin Factor from Partial Completion and Slant | p. 674 |
| Skin Factor Due to Reduced Crushed-Zone Permeability | p. 675 |
| Slant Well Damage Skin Effect on Well Productivity | p. 680 |
| Horizontal Well Damage Skin Effects | p. 685 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 692 |
| Selection of Gas Wells for Production Stimulation | p. 694 |
| Introduction | p. 694 |
| Major Causes of Low-Productivity Gas Wells | p. 694 |
| Formation Condition Evaluation Techniques | p. 694 |
| Relative Indicators of Wellbore Conditions | p. 696 |
| Skin Factor Concepts, Relationships, and Equations | p. 696 |
| Completion Types and Related Skin Factors | p. 699 |
| Selecting Gas Wells for Fracturing Treatment | p. 700 |
| Productivity Improvement and Treatment Variables | p. 700 |
| IPR Modification to Different Hydraulic Fracture Designs | p. 702 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 703 |
| Design Criteria of Flow and Pressure Transient Tests | p. 705 |
| Introduction | p. 705 |
| Deliverability Tests | p. 705 |
| Procedures for Conducting Deliverability Tests | p. 709 |
| General Concepts for Designing Transient Pressure Tests | p. 714 |
| Test Planning and Data Acquisition | p. 719 |
| Guidelines for Gas Well Testing | p. 719 |
| Problems in Gas Well Testing | p. 723 |
| Reporting Gas Well Test Data | p. 724 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 726 |
| Use of SI Units in Gas Well Testing Equations | p. 727 |
| Correlation Tables and Charts for Dimensionless Functions | p. 730 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 736 |
| Estimation of Formation Characteristics from Drill-Stem Test | p. 737 |
| Normal Routine Drill-Stem Test | p. 737 |
| Determination of Effective Permeability, Skin Factor, and Damage Ratio | p. 738 |
| Initial Reservoir Pressure Estimation Technique | p. 739 |
| Radius of Investigation | p. 740 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 740 |
| Gas Flow Rate Measurement Techniques | p. 741 |
| Gas Flow Rate Calculations | p. 741 |
| Determining Orifice Meter Constants and Factors | p. 741 |
| Critical-Flow Prover | p. 746 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 747 |
| Computing Flowing Bottom-Hole Pressure from Wellhead Pressure | p. 748 |
| Cullender and Smith Method | p. 748 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 751 |
| Fluid and Rock Property Correlations | p. 752 |
| Gas Properties and Correlations | p. 753 |
| Reservoir Rock Properties | p. 765 |
| Reservoir PVT Water Properties | p. 766 |
| References and Additional Reading | p. 783 |
| Substantial Set of Problems without Solutions | p. 785 |
| Nomenclature | p. 803 |
| Bibliography | p. 811 |
| Index | p. 827 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780750677059
ISBN-10: 0750677058
Published: 7th August 2003
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 864
Audience: Professional and Scholarly
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 23.5 x 15.88 x 3.81
Weight (kg): 1.32
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