| The Author | p. xi |
| Acknowledgements | p. xiii |
| Preface | p. xv |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Examples of Forest Policy | p. 7 |
| National forest policy | p. 7 |
| What is forest policy? | p. 7 |
| Current international developments in forest policy | p. 8 |
| Summary of current developments | p. 13 |
| Carbon sequestration | p. 14 |
| Drug prospecting and resource property rights | p. 15 |
| Devolvement of responsibility and regional development | p. 16 |
| Resource valuation | p. 17 |
| Resource management policy | p. 18 |
| Demand for forest products | p. 19 |
| Factors affecting the supply of forest products | p. 21 |
| Managing the supply of timber | p. 22 |
| Examples of a National resource management policy from Finland | p. 25 |
| Example of Economic justification for forest policy in the United Kingdom | p. 27 |
| Striking a balance between conflicting demands; example from Australia | p. 29 |
| Conclusions | p. 31 |
| Fiscal policy | p. 31 |
| The purpose of a fiscal policy for forestry | p. 32 |
| Resource value | p. 34 |
| Revenue instruments and systems | p. 35 |
| Economic rent | p. 36 |
| Performance bonds | p. 39 |
| The impact of fiscal measures on trade | p. 45 |
| Conservation policy | p. 47 |
| Bio-diversity | p. 48 |
| Protected Area management | p. 52 |
| Drug prospecting | p. 54 |
| Energy policy | p. 55 |
| Technology for using the energy in wood | p. 56 |
| Fuelwood consumption patterns | p. 57 |
| Fuelwood supply patterns | p. 58 |
| Comparative costs of fuelwood and other energy sources | p. 59 |
| Fuelwood demand surveys | p. 62 |
| Possible role of forestry in national energy policy | p. 63 |
| Land-use policy | p. 64 |
| Distribution policy | p. 72 |
| Asset value and profits | p. 73 |
| Timber prices and investing in forest management | p. 75 |
| Distribution of benefits among stakeholders | p. 77 |
| Implementation of Policy | p. 81 |
| General | p. 81 |
| Policies that appear to have worked | p. 85 |
| France | p. 85 |
| Finland | p. 87 |
| Republic of Korea | p. 88 |
| Conclusions | p. 90 |
| Policies that have failed | p. 91 |
| Malawi | p. 92 |
| Philippines | p. 95 |
| Suriname | p. 99 |
| Conclusion | p. 102 |
| Policies that have been corrupted | p. 103 |
| Conclusions | p. 109 |
| Policies that have had perverse results | p. 110 |
| Papua New Guinea | p. 111 |
| Conclusion | p. 117 |
| The Causes of Policy Failure | p. 119 |
| Institutional Failures | p. 119 |
| Government | p. 119 |
| Government organisation | p. 123 |
| Regulatory framework | p. 126 |
| Research and training | p. 129 |
| Conclusion | p. 131 |
| Market Failures | p. 132 |
| Non marketable benefits | p. 134 |
| Market distortions | p. 137 |
| The time value of money | p. 138 |
| Conclusions | p. 140 |
| Regulatory failures | p. 140 |
| Contradictory regulations | p. 141 |
| Over restrictive regulations | p. 142 |
| Communication failures | p. 144 |
| Implementation failures | p. 147 |
| Policy instruments | p. 148 |
| Monitoring and supervision | p. 152 |
| Impractical policies | p. 154 |
| External influences | p. 156 |
| Public opinion | p. 157 |
| International obligations | p. 159 |
| Lack of information and monitoring | p. 159 |
| Inconsistent policies | p. 163 |
| Factors That Have Contributed to Successful Policies | p. 167 |
| "Political Will" | p. 168 |
| Clarity of policy statements | p. 172 |
| Participation of stakeholders | p. 175 |
| Support for Policy Objectives | p. 179 |
| The process of policy formulation | p. 181 |
| Instruments used to support policy | p. 183 |
| A Framework for Successful Policy Formulation and Implementation | p. 191 |
| The need for a policy for forestry | p. 191 |
| International examples | p. 198 |
| United Kingdom | p. 199 |
| Australia | p. 200 |
| Canada | p. 202 |
| The Process for Policy Formulation | p. 203 |
| The definition of policy scope | p. 205 |
| Data collection and verification | p. 207 |
| Evaluation of present situation and identification of stakeholders' perceptions of strengths and weaknesses | p. 215 |
| Development of scenarios for alternative ways forward | p. 220 |
| Analysis of scenarios to determine economic trade-offs between sector components, inputs and outputs | p. 222 |
| Presentation of results of scenario analysis to stakeholders and consultation to determine social, environmental and economic priorities | p. 226 |
| Winning stakeholder support for a preferred scenario | p. 228 |
| Preparation of a statement that enshrines the preferred scenario as policy | p. 229 |
| Development of a strategic plan to implement the policy | p. 231 |
| Evaluation of the institutional arrangements | p. 238 |
| Identification of appropriate instruments to implement the policy | p. 240 |
| Revenue raising instruments | p. 241 |
| Incentive instruments | p. 249 |
| Disincentive instruments | p. 257 |
| Preparation of a programme of human resource development and training in support of the policy | p. 259 |
| Implementation | p. 260 |
| Monitoring and evaluation | p. 261 |
| Revision of Policy | p. 263 |
| Evaluation of monitoring results | p. 263 |
| Changes in public opinion | p. 263 |
| International agreements | p. 265 |
| Changes in priorities | p. 266 |
| References | p. 267 |
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