Engines

An Introduction

By: John L. Lumley, W. C. Reynolds (As told to)

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Paperback | 15 November 1999

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272 Pages

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24.41 x 16.99 x 1.45

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The internal combustion engine that powers the modern automobile has changed very little from its initial design of some eighty years ago. Unlike many high tech advances, engine design still depends on an understanding of basic fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. This text offers a fresh approach to the study of engines, with an emphasis on design and on fluid dynamics. Professor Lumley, a renowned fluid dynamicist, provides a lucid explanation of how air and fuel are mixed, how they get into the engine, what happens to them there, and how they get out again. Particular attention is given to the complex issue of pollution. Every chapter includes numerous illustrations and examples and concludes with homework problems. Examples are taken from the early days of engine design, as well as the latest designs, such as stratified charge gasoline direct injection engines. It is intended that the text be used in conjunction with the Stanford Engine Simulation Program (ESP). This user-friendly, interactive software tool answers a significant need not addressed by other texts on engines. Aimed at undergraduate and first-year graduate students, the book will also appeal to hobbyists and car buffs who will appreciate the wealth of illustrations of classic, racing, and modern engines.

Industry Reviews

"A delight to read and will be enjoyed equally by students and automobile enthusiasts. It is an essential addition to any engineering library, and to the bookshelves of automotive engineers as well as serious car hobbyists." Applied Mechanics Reviews

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Technology in General Engineering in General Mechanical Engineering & Materials Mechanical Engineering Engines & Power Transmission Materials Science Engineering Thermodynamics Mechanics of Fluids Energy Technology & Engineering

Dedication	p. v
Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
Thermodynamic Considerations	p. 1
The Ideal Otto Cycle	p. 1
Efficiencies	p. 5
Air Cycle Efficiency	p. 5
Real Gas Efficiency	p. 6
Indicated Efficiency	p. 6
A More Realistic Cycle	p. 7
Time Loss	p. 8
Heat Loss	p. 9
Exhaust Blowdown Loss	p. 9
Other Losses	p. 9
Knocking	p. 12
Mean Effective Pressures	p. 15
A Word on Units	p. 15
Brake Mean Effective Pressure	p. 16
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure	p. 17
Piston Speed	p. 17
Specific Power	p. 18
Stroke/Bore Ratio	p. 19
Power Equation	p. 24
Influence on Design	p. 26
Bmep Again	p. 27
Some More Thermodynamics	p. 29
Turbulence and Flow in the Cylinder	p. 29
Heat Transfer	p. 30
Chemical Reaction	p. 30
STANJAN, ESPJAN and ESP	p. 31
Heating Values and Enthalpy	p. 31
Problems	p. 31
Breathing Exercises	p. 33
Introduction	p. 33
Flow Through the Inlet Valve	p. 33
The Discharge Coefficient	p. 35
The Flow Coefficient	p. 37
The Mach Index and Volumetric Efficiency	p. 38
Partial Throttle	p. 41
The XK Engine	p. 42
Combustion Chamber Shape	p. 44
Valve Actuation	p. 48
Valve Timing	p. 54
Variable Valve Timing	p. 59
Manifold Tuning	p. 66
Introduction	p. 66
Helmholtz Resonators	p. 66
Organ Pipes	p. 70
What Does ESP Do?	p. 76
The Exhaust System	p. 77
Folding the Manifold	p. 78
Supercharging/Turbocharging	p. 80
Introduction	p. 80
Characteristics of Super/Turbochargers	p. 82
Thermodynamic Considerations	p. 85
Turbines	p. 87
Knock	p. 87
Intercoolers	p. 89
Problems	p. 92
Engine Cooling	p. 95
Introduction	p. 95
Valve Seat Recession	p. 97
Heat Transfer in the Cylinder	p. 100
Conduction in the Solid	p. 100
Heat Transfer in the Gas	p. 101
Variation of Part Temperature	p. 103
Turbulent Velocities	p. 104
Conclusions Regarding Temperatures	p. 106
Overall Heat Transfer	p. 106
The Exhaust Valve	p. 111
Ceramic Coatings	p. 114
Problems	p. 116
Engine Friction Losses	p. 118
Lubrication	p. 118
Total Engine Friction	p. 119
Attribution of Friction Losses	p. 122
Hydrodynamic Lubrication	p. 125
Mechanical Efficiency	p. 127
Inertial Loading	p. 129
The Piston Ring	p. 130
Problems	p. 132
Flow in the Cylinder	p. 134
Introduction	p. 134
Phases of the Flow	p. 136
Averaging	p. 137
A Word About Turbulence	p. 142
Turbulence Induced by the Inlet Jet	p. 145
Inducing Swirl and Tumble	p. 148
Lift Strategies	p. 153
Port and Valve Configurations	p. 153
Effect of Compression	p. 155
Effect on Swirl and Tumble	p. 155
Effect on Turbulence	p. 158
Charge Stratification	p. 161
Squish	p. 163
Pollution	p. 163
Atmospheric Chemistry	p. 168
Chemistry in the Cylinder	p. 168
Lean Burn	p. 170
Honda VTEC-E 1.5 L SOHC 16 Valve Four-in-Line	p. 172
Toyota Carina 4A-ELU 1.6 L DOHC 16 Valve Four-in-Line	p. 172
Mitsubishi Mirage 4G15MPI-MVV 1.5 L SOHC 12 Valve Four-in-Line	p. 172
Mazda Surround Combustion 2.0 L DOHC 16 Valve Four-in-Line	p. 173
Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines	p. 174
Mitsubishi GDI Engine	p. 181
Toyota GDI Engine	p. 181
Problems	p. 181
Overall Engine Performance	p. 185
Introduction	p. 185
Carburetion vs. Injection	p. 185
Fuel Injection	p. 186
Mixing and Evaporation	p. 186
Droplet Size	p. 187
Puddling	p. 188
Transient Response	p. 189
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption	p. 189
Power and Torque Curves	p. 191
Problems	p. 193
Design Considerations	p. 194
Introduction	p. 194
Similarity Considerations	p. 194
Inertial Stress	p. 196
Valve Speed	p. 197
The MIT Engines	p. 199
Balance and Vibration	p. 201
The In-Line Four	p. 203
The Forces	p. 203
Moments	p. 204
Balance Shafts	p. 205
The Five Cylinder In-Line	p. 205
Problems	p. 208
The Stanford Esp	p. 210
Introduction	p. 210
Outline of the Model	p. 211
Model Details	p. 213
Gas Properties	p. 213
Analysis of the Compression Stages	p. 213
Ignition Analysis	p. 214
Analysis of the Burn Stage	p. 215
Analysis of the Expansion Stage	p. 218
Analysis of the Gas Exchange Stage	p. 218
Turbulence Model	p. 221
ESP Manifold Analysis	p. 222
Overview	p. 222
Unsteady One-Dimensional Compressible Flow	p. 223
The Method of Characteristics	p. 226
Inlet Manifold Model	p. 232
Exhaust Manifold Model	p. 233
ESP Calculations	p. 234
Program Status	p. 235
Bibliography	p. 237
Index	p. 243
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Engines

An Introduction

At a Glance

Paperback

Industry Reviews

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

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