| Preface to the Fourth Edition | p. xiii |
| Acknowledgements | p. xv |
| General Introduction | p. xvii |
| Metals | |
| Metals | p. 3 |
| Introduction | p. 3 |
| Metals for a Model Steam Engine | p. 3 |
| Metals for Drinks Cans | p. 9 |
| Metals for Hip Joints | p. 10 |
| Data for Metals | p. 12 |
| Metal Structures | p. 15 |
| Introduction | p. 15 |
| Crystal and Glass Structures | p. 15 |
| Structures of Solutions and Compounds | p. 16 |
| Phases | p. 19 |
| Grain and Phase Boundaries | p. 19 |
| Shapes of Grains and Phases | p. 22 |
| Summary-Constitution and Structure | p. 25 |
| Worked Example | p. 26 |
| Phase Diagrams 1 | p. 33 |
| Introduction | p. 33 |
| Source Books | p. 33 |
| Components, Phases, and Structures | p. 34 |
| Worked Example | p. 37 |
| Worked Example | p. 39 |
| One-and Two-Component Systems | p. 43 |
| Worked Example | p. 52 |
| Solutions to Examples | p. 56 |
| Phase Diagrams 2 | p. 63 |
| Eutectics, Eutectoids, and Peritectics | p. 63 |
| Test Examples | p. 78 |
| Solutions to Examples | p. 82 |
| Case Studies in Phase Diagrams | p. 89 |
| Introduction | p. 89 |
| Choosing Soft Solders | p. 89 |
| Pure Silicon for Microchips | p. 93 |
| Making Bubble-Free Ice | p. 98 |
| Worked Example | p. 101 |
| Driving Force for Structural Change | p. 109 |
| Introduction | p. 109 |
| Driving Forces | p. 109 |
| Reversibility | p. 113 |
| Stability, Instability, and Metastability | p. 114 |
| Driving Force for Solidification | p. 115 |
| Solid-State Phase Changes | p. 118 |
| Precipitate Coarsening | p. 118 |
| Grain Growth | p. 119 |
| Recrystallization | p. 120 |
| Sizes of Driving Forces | p. 120 |
| Worked Example | p. 121 |
| Kinetics 1-Diffusive Transformations | p. 125 |
| Introduction | p. 125 |
| Solidification | p. 125 |
| Heat-Flow Effects | p. 131 |
| Solid-State Phase Changes | p. 132 |
| Diffusion-Controlled Kinetics | p. 132 |
| Shapes of Grains and Phases | p. 134 |
| Worked Example | p. 136 |
| Kinetics 2-Nucleation | p. 141 |
| Introduction | p. 141 |
| Nucleation in Liquids | p. 141 |
| Heterogeneous Nucleation | p. 143 |
| Nucleation in Solids | p. 147 |
| Summary | p. 148 |
| Nucleation Everywhere | p. 148 |
| Worked Example | p. 149 |
| Kinetics 3-Displacive Transformations | p. 155 |
| Introduction | p. 155 |
| Diffusive f.c.c. to b.c.c. Transformation in Pure Iron | p. 156 |
| Time-Temperature-Transformation Diagram | p. 160 |
| Displacive f.c.c. to b.c.c. Transformation | p. 161 |
| Details of Martensite Formation | p. 163 |
| Martensite Transformation in Steels | p. 165 |
| Worked Example | p. 167 |
| Case Studies in Phase Transformations | p. 171 |
| Introduction | p. 171 |
| Making Rain | p. 171 |
| Fine-Grained Castings | p. 173 |
| Single Crystals for Semiconductors | p. 178 |
| Amorphous Metals | p. 179 |
| Worked Example | p. 182 |
| Light Alloys | p. 189 |
| Introduction | p. 189 |
| Solid Solution Hardening | p. 190 |
| Age (Precipitation) Hardening | p. 193 |
| Work Hardening | p. 200 |
| Worked Example | p. 200 |
| Steels 1-Carbon Steels | p. 205 |
| Introduction | p. 205 |
| Microstructures After Slow Cooling (Normalizing) | p. 205 |
| Mechanical Properties of Normalized Steels | p. 211 |
| Quenched-and-Tempered Steels | p. 211 |
| Notes on the TTT Diagram | p. 212 |
| Steels 2-Alloy Steels | p. 221 |
| Introduction | p. 221 |
| Hardenability | p. 221 |
| Solution Hardening | p. 225 |
| Precipitation Hardening | p. 225 |
| Corrosion Resistance | p. 226 |
| Stainless Steels | p. 226 |
| Phases in Stainless Steels | p. 229 |
| Improving Stainless Steels | p. 230 |
| Worked Example | p. 230 |
| Case Studies in Steels | p. 237 |
| Detective Work After a Boiler Explosion | p. 237 |
| Welding Steels Safely | p. 241 |
| The Case of the Broken Hammer | p. 244 |
| Processing Metals 1 | p. 255 |
| Introduction | p. 255 |
| Casting | p. 256 |
| Deformation Processing | p. 266 |
| Recrystallization | p. 272 |
| Worked Example | p. 274 |
| Processing Metals 2 | p. 279 |
| Machining | p. 279 |
| Joining | p. 280 |
| Heat Treating | p. 282 |
| Special Topics | p. 285 |
| Worked Example | p. 290 |
| Ceramics | |
| Ceramics | p. 299 |
| Introduction | p. 299 |
| Generic Ceramics | p. 304 |
| Ceramic Composites | p. 307 |
| Data for Ceramics | p. 307 |
| Ceramic Structures | p. 313 |
| Introduction | p. 313 |
| Ionic and Covalent Ceramics | p. 313 |
| Simple Ionic Ceramics | p. 314 |
| Simple Covalent Ceramics | p. 316 |
| Silica and Silicates | p. 317 |
| Silicate Glasses | p. 319 |
| Ceramic Alloys | p. 320 |
| Microstructures of Ceramics | p. 321 |
| Vitreous Ceramics | p. 322 |
| Stone and Rock | p. 323 |
| Ceramic Composites | p. 323 |
| Worked Example | p. 323 |
| Mechanical Properties of Ceramics | p. 327 |
| Introduction | p. 327 |
| Elastic Moduli | p. 327 |
| Strength, Hardness, and Lattice Resistance | p. 328 |
| Fracture Strength of Ceramics | p. 330 |
| Modulus of Rupture | p. 332 |
| Compression Test | p. 333 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance | p. 335 |
| Time Dependence of Strength | p. 335 |
| Creep of Ceramics | p. 337 |
| Processing Ceramics | p. 345 |
| Introduction | p. 345 |
| Production of Engineering Ceramics | p. 345 |
| Forming Engineering Ceramics | p. 346 |
| Production and Forming of Glass | p. 350 |
| Processing Pottery, Porcelain, and Brick | p. 352 |
| Improving Ceramics | p. 352 |
| Joining Ceramics | p. 355 |
| Worked Example | p. 356 |
| Cement and Concrete | p. 361 |
| Introduction | p. 361 |
| Chemistry of Cement | p. 361 |
| Structure of Portland Cement | p. 366 |
| Concrete | p. 368 |
| Strength of Cement and Concrete | p. 370 |
| High-Strength Cement | p. 372 |
| Reinforcing Cement and Concrete | p. 373 |
| Worked Example | p. 375 |
| Case Studies in Ceramics | p. 379 |
| Hard as Flint | p. 379 |
| Slate-Natural Roofing Material | p. 380 |
| Glass Roof Beams | p. 384 |
| Worked Example | p. 388 |
| Polymers | |
| Polymers | p. 393 |
| Introduction | p. 393 |
| Generic Polymers | p. 395 |
| Material Data | p. 398 |
| Worked Example | p. 401 |
| Polymer Structures | p. 405 |
| Introduction | p. 405 |
| Molecular Length | p. 406 |
| Molecular Architecture | p. 408 |
| Molecular Packing and Glass Transition | p. 410 |
| Worked Example | p. 415 |
| Mechanical Properties of Polymers | p. 419 |
| Introduction | p. 419 |
| Stiffness-Time and Temperature Dependent Modulus | p. 420 |
| Strength-Cold Drawing and Crazing | p. 430 |
| Processing Polymers | p. 441 |
| Introduction | p. 441 |
| Polymer Synthesis | p. 442 |
| Polymer Alloys | p. 443 |
| Forming Polymers | p. 445 |
| Joining Polymers | p. 449 |
| Worked Example | p. 449 |
| Case Studies in Polymers | p. 457 |
| Fatal Bungee Jumping Accident | p. 457 |
| Polyethylene Gas Pipes | p. 464 |
| Ultrastrong Fibers for Yacht Rigging | p. 470 |
| Composites | |
| Properties of Composites and Foams | p. 477 |
| Introduction | p. 477 |
| Fiber Composites | p. 478 |
| Modulus | p. 479 |
| Tensile Strength | p. 481 |
| Toughness | p. 484 |
| Foams and Cellular Solids | p. 486 |
| Properties of Foams | p. 487 |
| Materials that are Engineered | p. 490 |
| Wood Structure and Properties | p. 493 |
| Introduction | p. 493 |
| Structure of Wood | p. 493 |
| Mechanical Properties of Wood | p. 497 |
| Elasticity | p. 497 |
| Tensile and Compressive Strength | p. 500 |
| Toughness | p. 501 |
| Wood Compared to Other Materials | p. 502 |
| Worked Example | p. 503 |
| Case Studies in Composites | p. 509 |
| Materials for Violin Bodies | p. 509 |
| Failure of a GFRP Surgical Instrument | p. 517 |
| Cork-A Unique Natural Foam | p. 519 |
| Worked Example | p. 525 |
| Appendix: Symbols and Formulae | p. 531 |
| References | p. 541 |
| Index | p. 543 |
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