Preface xi
About the Author xiii
About the Companion Website xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction, 1
1.2 Definitions of Commonly Used Terms, 2
1.3 Book Sections and Content Overview, 8
1.4 Regulations, 10
1.5 Background, 16
1.6 EMC Testing Methods for FCC Part 15 Radiation Measurements, 17
1.7 Canadian Regulations, 24
1.8 European Union Regulations, 24
1.9 Review Problems, 57
1.10 Answers to Review Problems, 57
2 Fundamentals of Coupling Culprit to Victim 59
2.1 Radiation Effects on Equipment and Devices, 59
2.2 Various Types of Emission Coupling, 61
2.3 Intermodulation, 64
2.4 Common Mode Rejection Ratio, 67
2.5 Susceptibility and Immunity, 69
2.6 Filters for EMC, 79
2.7 Lightning Stroke Analysis, 81
2.8 Skin Effect in Wire, 83
2.9 Conclusion, 86
2.10 Review Problems, 86
2.11 Answers to Review Problems, 88
3 Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields 91
3.1 An Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields, 91
3.2 Wave Equation Solutions for Cylindrical Coordinate Systems, 98
3.3 Wave Equation Solutions for Spherical Coordinate Systems, 102
3.4 Review Problems, 113
3.5 Answers to Review Problems, 114
4 Case Studies and Analysis in Transportation Systems 115
4.1 Background Information for Subway Systems, 115
4.2 Case Studies, 118
4.3 Tunnel Radiation from a Temporary Antenna Installed on the Catwalk in a Tunnel, 142
4.4 Simulcast Interference at the End of the Cut and Cover Subway Tunnel, 145
4.5 Tracks Survey, 165
4.6 Leaky Radiating Coaxial Cable Analysis, 177
4.7 Effect of Rail on 26 Pair Cable Buried Along Right of Way, 187
4.8 Radiation Leakage from Way Side Communication Houses and Cabinets, 190
4.9 Lightning Rod Ground EMC Installation, 192
5 Case Studies and Analysis of LRT Vehicle and Bus Top Antenna Farm Emissions and Other Radio Related Case Studies 199
5.1 Introduction, 199
5.2 Circulation Currents in the Ground Plane, 201
5.3 Antenna Installation on a Radio Mast Case Study, 203
5.4 Unique Testing Technique for EMI and Police Vehicles, 210
5.5 Antenna Close to the Edge of the Ground Plane, 217
5.6 Case Study: Possible Fade Problem due to Antenna Reflections on the Rooftop of a Locomotive, 219
5.7 Case Study: Antenna Reflection and Diffraction at the Edge of the Ground Plane, 229
5.8 Antenna Application with Reflection also at the Edge of the Ground Plane, 234
5.9 Antenna Application with Reflection between Antennas in a Rooftop Antenna Farm, 239
5.10 Antenna Farm Application with Patch Antennas, 247
5.11 Review Problems, 253
5.12 Answers to Review Problems, 255
6 Case Studies and Analysis of Communications Equipment and Cable Shielding and Grounding for Bus and Ferry Operations 263
6.1 Introduction, 263
6.2 Communication System Overview, 264
6.3 Reflections (Ferry and Bus), 272
6.4 Review Problems, 279
6.5 Answers to Review Problems, 279
7 Health and Safety Issues with Exposure Limits for Maintenance Workers and the Public 281
7.1 Electromagnetic Emission Safety Limits, 281
7.2 EMI Prevention and Control, 290
7.3 Analysis of Rails as a Shock Hazard, 292
7.4 Lightning and Transient Protection, 293
7.5 Power Line Safety Calculations, 294
7.6 FCC Regulations, 297
7.7 Review Problems, 301
7.8 Answers to Review Problems, 302
8 Miscellaneous Information Test Plans and Other Information Useful for Analysis 305
8.1 Introduction, 305
8.2 EMC Plan, 306
8.3 EMC/EMI Performance Evaluation of Communications Equipment, 308
8.4 EMC/EMI Design Procedures, 317
8.5 Fresnel Zone Clearance, 333
8.6 Diffraction Losses, 335
8.7 Review Problems, 337
8.8 Answers to Review Problems, 338
9 Track Circuits and Signals 341
9.1 Introduction, 341
9.2 AF Track Circuits, 344
9.3 Loop Calculations, 352
9.4 Circuit Theory in Loop Calculations, 354
9.5 Review Problems, 359
9.6 Answers to Review Problems, 359
10 Useful Examples 361
10.1 Introduction, 361
10.2 Examples, 361
References 379
Index 381
