
Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, second edition
Hardcover | 5 November 2010 | Edition Number 2
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1096 Pages
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The second edition of this acclaimed graduate text provides a unified treatment of two methods used in contemporary econometric research, cross section and data panel methods. By focusing on assumptions that can be given behavioral content, the book maintains an appropriate level of rigor while emphasizing intuitive thinking. The analysis covers both linear and nonlinear models, including models with dynamics and/or individual heterogeneity. In addition to general estimation frameworks (particular methods of moments and maximum likelihood), specific linear and nonlinear methods are covered in detail, including probit and logit models and their multivariate, Tobit models, models for count data, censored and missing data schemes, causal (or treatment) effects, and duration analysis.Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data was the first graduate econometrics text to focus on microeconomic data structures, allowing assumptions to be separated into population and sampling assumptions. This second edition has been substantially updated and revised. Improvements include a broader class of models for missing data problems; more detailed treatment of cluster problems, an important topic for empirical researchers; expanded discussion of "generalized instrumental variables" (GIV) estimation; new coverage (based on the author's own recent research) of inverse probability weighting; a more complete framework for estimating treatment effects with panel data, and a firmly established link between econometric approaches to nonlinear panel data and the "generalized estimating equation" literature popular in statistics and other fields. New attention is given to explaining when particular econometric methods can be applied; the goal is not only to tell readers what does work, but why certain "obvious" procedures do not. The numerous included exercises, both theoretical and computer-based, allow the reader to extend methods covered in the text and discover new insights.
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| Preface | p. xxi |
| Acknowledgements | p. xxix |
| Introduction and Background | |
| Introduction | |
| Causal Relationships and Ceteris Paribus Analysis | p. 3 |
| Stochastic Setting and Asymptotic Analysis | p. 4 |
| Some Examples | p. 7 |
| Why Not Fixed Explanatory Variables? | p. 9 |
| Conditional Expectations and Related Concepts in Econometrics | |
| Role of Conditional Expectations in Econometrics | p. 13 |
| Features of Conditional Expectations | p. 14 |
| Linear Projections | p. 25 |
| Problems | p. 27 |
| Appendix 2A | p. 30 |
| Basic Asymptotic Theory | |
| Convergence of Deterministic Sequences | p. 37 |
| Convergence in Probability and Boundedness in Probability | p. 38 |
| Convergence in Distribution | p. 40 |
| Limit Theorems for Random Samples | p. 41 |
| Limiting Behavior of Estimators and Test Statistics | p. 42 |
| Problems | p. 47 |
| Linear Models | |
| Single-Equation Linear Model and Ordinary Least Squares Estimation | |
| Overview of the Single-Equation Linear Model | p. 53 |
| Asymptotic Properties of Ordinary Least Squares | p. 55 |
| Ordinary Least Squares Solutions to the Omitted Variables Problem | p. 65 |
| Properties of Ordinary Least Squares under Measurement Error | p. 76 |
| Instrumental Variables Estimation of Single-Equation Linear Models | |
| Instrumental Variables and Two-Stage Least Squares | p. 89 |
| General Treatment of Two-Stage Least Squares | p. 98 |
| IV Solutions to the Omitted Variables and Measurement Error Problems | p. 112 |
| Problems | p. 115 |
| Additional Single-Equation Topics | |
| Estimation with Generated Regressors and Instruments | p. 123 |
| Control Function Approach to Endogeneity | p. 126 |
| Some Specification Tests | p. 129 |
| Correlated Random Coe‰cient Models | p. 141 |
| Pooled Cross Sections and Di¤erence-in-Di¤erences Estimation | p. 146 |
| Problems | p. 152 |
| Appendix 6A | p. 157 |
| Estimating Systems of Equations by Ordinary Least Squares and Generalized Least Squares | |
| Introduction | p. 161 |
| Some Examples | p. 161 |
| System Ordinary Least Squares Estimation of a Multivariate Linear System | p. 166 |
| Consistency and Asymptotic Normality of Generalized Least Squares | p. 173 |
| Feasible Generalized Least Squares | p. 176 |
| Testing the Use of Feasible Generalized Least Squares | p. 183 |
| Seemingly Unrelated Regressions, Revisited | p. 185 |
| Linear Panel Data Model, Revisited | p. 191 |
| Problems | p. 202 |
| System Estimation by Instrumental Variables | |
| Introduction and Examples | p. 207 |
| General Linear System of Equations | p. 210 |
| Generalized Method of Moments Estimation | p. 213 |
| Generalized Instrumental Variables Estimator | p. 222 |
| Testing Using Generalized Method of Moments | p. 226 |
| More E‰cient Estimation and Optimal Instruments | p. 229 |
| Summary Comments on Choosing an Estimator | p. 232 |
| Problems | p. 233 |
| Simultaneous Equations Models | |
| Scope of Simultaneous Equations Models | p. 239 |
| Identification in a Linear System | p. 241 |
| Estimation after Identification | p. 252 |
| Additional Topics in Linear Simultaneous Equations Methods | p. 256 |
| Simultaneous Equations Models Nonlinear in Endogenous Variables | p. 262 |
| Di¤erent Instruments for Di¤erent Equations | p. 271 |
| Problems | p. 273 |
| Basic Linear Unobserved E¤ects Panel Data Models | |
| Motivation: Omitted Variables Problem | p. 281 |
| Assumptions about the Unobserved E¤ects and Explanatory Variables | p. 285 |
| Estimating Unobserved E¤ects Models by Pooled Ordinary Least Squares | p. 291 |
| Random E¤ects Methods | p. 292 |
| Fixed E¤ects Methods | p. 300 |
| First Differencing Methods | p. 315 |
| Comparison of Estimators | p. 321 |
| Problems | p. 334 |
| More Topics in Linear Unobserved Effects Models | |
| Generalized Method of Moments Approaches to the Standard Linear Unobserved E¤ects Model | p. 345 |
| Random and Fixed E¤ects Instrumental Variables Methods | p. 349 |
| Hausman and Taylor-Type Models | p. 358 |
| First Di¤erencing Instrumental Variables Methods | p. 361 |
| Unobserved Effects Models with Measurement Error | p. 365 |
| Estimation under Sequential Exogeneity | p. 368 |
| Models with Individual-Specific Slopes | p. 374 |
| Problems | p. 387 |
| General Approaches to Nonlinear Estimation | |
| M-Estimation, Nonlinear Regression, and Quantile Regression | |
| Introduction | p. 397 |
| Identification, Uniform Convergence, and Consistency | p. 401 |
| Asymptotic Normality | p. 405 |
| Two-Step M-Estimators | p. 409 |
| Estimating the Asymptotic Variance | p. 413 |
| Hypothesis Testing | p. 420 |
| Optimization Methods | p. 431 |
| Simulation and Resampling Methods | p. 436 |
| Multivariate Nonlinear Regression Methods | p. 442 |
| Quantile Estimation | p. 449 |
| Problems | p. 462 |
| Maximum Likelihood Methods | |
| Introduction | p. 469 |
| Preliminaries and Examples | p. 470 |
| General Framework for Conditional Maximum Likelihood Estimation | p. 473 |
| Consistency of Conditional Maximum Likelihood Estimation | p. 475 |
| Asymptotic Normality and Asymptotic Variance Estimation | p. 476 |
| Hypothesis Testing | p. 481 |
| Specification Testing | p. 482 |
| Partial (or Pooled) Likelihood Methods for Panel Data | p. 485 |
| Panel Data Models with Unobserved E¤ects | p. 494 |
| Two-Step Estimators Involving Maximum Likelihood | p. 499 |
| Quasi-Maximum Likelihood Estimation | p. 502 |
| Problems | p. 517 |
| Appendix 13A | p. 522 |
| Generalized Method of Moments and Minimum Distance Estimation | |
| Asymptotic Properties of Generalized Method of Moments | p. 525 |
| Estimation under Orthogonality Conditions | p. 530 |
| Systems of Nonlinear Equations | p. 532 |
| Efficient Estimation | p. 538 |
| Classical Minimum Distance Estimation | p. 545 |
| Panel Data Applications | p. 547 |
| Problems | p. 555 |
| Appendix 14A | p. 558 |
| Nonlinear Models and Related Topics | |
| Binary Response Models | |
| Introduction | p. 561 |
| Linear Probability Model for Binary Response | p. 562 |
| Index Models for Binary Response: Probit and Logit | p. 565 |
| Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Binary Response Index Models | p. 567 |
| Testing in Binary Response Index Models | p. 569 |
| Reporting the Results for Probit and Logit | p. 573 |
| Specification Issues in Binary Response Models | p. 582 |
| Binary Response Models for Panel Data | p. 608 |
| Problems | p. 635 |
| Multinomial and Ordered Response Models | |
| Introduction | p. 643 |
| Multinomial Response Models | p. 643 |
| Ordered Response Models | p. 655 |
| Problems | p. 663 |
| Corner Solution Responses | |
| Motivation and Examples | p. 667 |
| Useful Expressions for Type I Tobit | p. 671 |
| Estimation and Inference with the Type I Tobit Model | p. 676 |
| Reporting the Results | p. 677 |
| Specification Issues in Tobit Models | p. 680 |
| Two-Part Models and Type II Tobit for Corner Solutions | p. 690 |
| Two-Limit Tobit Model | p. 703 |
| Panel Data Methods | p. 705 |
| Problems | p. 715 |
| Count, Fractional, and Other Nonnegative Responses | |
| Introduction | p. 723 |
| Poisson Regression | p. 724 |
| Other Count Data Regression Models | p. 736 |
| Gamma (Exponential) Regression Model | p. 740 |
| Endogeneity with an Exponential Regression Function | p. 742 |
| Fractional Responses | p. 748 |
| Panel Data Methods | p. 755 |
| Problems | p. 769 |
| Censored Data, Sample Selection, and Attrition | |
| Introduction | p. 777 |
| Data Censoring | p. 778 |
| Overview of Sample Selection | p. 790 |
| When Can Sample Selection Be Ignored? | p. 792 |
| Selection on the Basis of the Response Variable: Truncated Regression | p. 799 |
| Incidental Truncation: A Probit Selection Equation | p. 802 |
| Incidental Truncation: A Tobit Selection Equation | p. 815 |
| Inverse Probability Weighting for Missing Data | p. 821 |
| Sample Selection and Attrition in Linear Panel Data Models | p. 827 |
| Problems | p. 845 |
| Stratified Sampling and Cluster Sampling | |
| Introduction | p. 854 |
| Stratified Sampling | p. 854 |
| Cluster Sampling | p. 863 |
| Complex Survey Sampling | p. 894 |
| Problems | p. 899 |
| Estimating Average Treatment Effects | |
| Introduction | p. 903 |
| A Counterfactual Setting and the Self-Selection Problem | p. 904 |
| Methods Assuming Ignorability (or Unconfoundedness) of Treatment | p. 908 |
| Instrumental Variables Methods | p. 937 |
| Regression Discontinuity Designs | p. 954 |
| Further Issues | p. 960 |
| Problems | p. 975 |
| Duration Analysis | |
| Introduction | p. 983 |
| Hazard Functions | p. 984 |
| Analysis of Single-Spell Data with Time-Invariant Covariates | p. 991 |
| Analysis of Grouped Duration Data | p. 1010 |
| Further Issues | p. 1018 |
| Problems | p. 1019 |
| References | p. 1025 |
| Index | p. 1045 |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780262232586
ISBN-10: 0262232588
Series: The MIT Press
Published: 5th November 2010
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 1096
Audience: General Adult
For Ages: 18+ years old
Publisher: RANDOM HOUSE US
Country of Publication: GB
Edition Number: 2
Edition Type: New edition
Dimensions (cm): 23.5 x 21.1 x 4.0
Weight (kg): 1.97
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