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Ecological Studies

By: Robert B. Allen (Editor), William G. Lee (Editor)

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Hardcover | 20 March 2006

At a Glance

Hardcover
488 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
22.86 x 15.24 x 3.18

Hardcover

$249.00

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Man's recent colonization of New Zealand has dramatically altered the resident biota and resulted in the introduction of numerous alien organisms to these once remote islands. In reverse, there is increasing evidence of a lesser known export of species to other regions of the world. This volume presents an in-depth review of the level and rate of such invasions, and investigates what controls the success of invaders and the consequences for ecosystems both on land and offshore. It provides invasion biologists everywhere with tests of current theories about those factors leading to the success of invaders as well as evaluating principles for understanding the nature of their impacts that form a solid basis for the effective management of biological invasions worldwide.

Industry Reviews

From the reviews:

"This volume of the 'Ecological Studies' summarizes the 'invader problem' in New Zealand, regarding terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems. ... The book gives a comprehensive overview of the knowledge about biological invasions in New Zealand and is strongly recommended to all students and scientists dealing with the worldwide invader problem. Furthermore, it will encourage researchers to fill the gaps of knowledge concerning invasion biology in this unique archipelago." (Angelika Schwabe, Phytocoenologia, Vol. 38 (1-2), August, 2008)

"Biological Invasions in New Zealand is a big, important book. It is of uniformly high quality and deserves a place in the library of an invasion biologist ... . It sets the standard for exhaustive national treatment of invasions." (Daniel Simberloff, Biological Invasions, Vol. 11, 2009)

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Non-Fiction Science Biology, Life Sciences Life Sciences in General Ecological Science Nature & The Natural World Wildlife in General Wildlife & Aquatic Creatures Engineering & Technology Environmental Science Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning The Environment

Conservation of The Environment

Paradise Lost - the Last Major Colonization	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Themes and Debates on Alien Species	p. 2
Outline of the Book	p. 8
Conclusion	p. 11
References	p. 12
Magnitude of Alien Invasions
Becoming New Zealanders: Immigration and the Formation of the Biota	p. 17
Introduction	p. 17
Dispersal and Vicariance: Late Cretaceous to the Pleistocene	p. 17
Dispersal and Formation of the Modern Biota	p. 23
Evolutionary Effects of Selective Dispersal and Island Environments	p. 26
New Zealand in an Invasive World	p. 26
References	p. 29
Creating Gardens: the Diversity and Progression of European Plant Introductions	p. 33
Introduction	p. 33
The Chroniclers	p. 34
Plant Introductions and Their Escape	p. 35
Regional Differences	p. 39
Naturalized Flora	p. 41
Attitudes Past and Present	p. 44
Responding to the Deluge	p. 44
References	p. 46
Introduced Mammals in a New Environment	p. 49
Introduction	p. 49
Mammal Introductions in New Zealand	p. 50
Changes in the Herbivore-Predator Regime Since 1200 A.D.	p. 56
Response of the New Zealand Biota	p. 59
Conclusions	p. 61
References	p. 62
Parasites and Biological Invasions	p. 67
Introduction	p. 67
Taxonomic Affiliation of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wildlife	p. 68
Determinants of Establishment Success by Introduced and Invading Parasites	p. 69
Exotic Parasite Impact on Native Fauna	p. 70
Introduced Species as New Hosts for Native Parasites	p. 71
Context Dependence of Exotic Parasite Impact	p. 72
Disease Threat of Biological Invasions to New Zealand's Avifauna	p. 74
Disease Threat of Biological Invasions to New Zealand Freshwater Fish	p. 77
Conclusions	p. 79
References	p. 81
Export of Plant and Animal Species from an Insular Biota	p. 85
Introduction	p. 85
Plant Emigrants	p. 85
Animal Emigrants	p. 89
Conclusions	p. 94
References	p. 97
Controls on Invasion Success
Genetics of Invasive Species in New Zealand	p. 103
Introduction	p. 103
Genetics of Colonization	p. 103
New Zealand Examples	p. 105
Potential Genetic Impacts on Indigenous Biota	p. 114
Conclusions	p. 115
References	p. 115
Are the Marine Biotas of Island Ecosystems More Vulnerable to Invasion?	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
Island Bioinvasion Theory	p. 120
Are Marine Biotas of Islands More Invaded?	p. 120
Are the Marine Biotas of Islands Less Diverse?	p. 123
Insularity and Niche Opportunity	p. 124
Are Marine Species of Islands Poor Competitors?	p. 126
Do NIS Have Greater Impacts in Island Environments?	p. 128
Is Propagule Pressure to Islands Greater than to Mainland Areas?	p. 129
Conclusions	p. 130
References	p. 131
Factors Affecting the Release, Establishment and Spread of Introduced Birds in New Zealand	p. 137
Introduction	p. 137
Data Sources and Analysis	p. 139
Factors Affecting Release	p. 140
Factors Affecting Establishment	p. 142
Factors Affecting Spread	p. 148
Conclusions	p. 150
References	p. 151
Biological Control Agents: Can They Tell Us Anything About the Establishment of Unwanted Alien Species?	p. 155
Introduction	p. 155
Establishment Rates for Biological Control Agents	p. 156
Release Size	p. 156
Climate and Phenology	p. 158
Genetic Issues	p. 160
Natural Enemies	p. 161
Other Factors	p. 162
Conclusions	p. 164
References	p. 164
The Context of Plant Invasions in New Zealand: Evolutionary History and Novel Niches	p. 167
Introduction	p. 167
New Zealand's Core and Novel Niches	p. 169
Core and Novel Niches: a Predictive, Useful Framework?	p. 175
References	p. 176
Controls on the Population Dynamics of Invading Mammals	p. 179
Introduction	p. 179
Models of Invading Large Herbivore-Plant Dynamics	p. 179
Reconciling Models with Data	p. 184
Environmental Variation and the Dynamics of Invading Mammals	p. 187
Harvesting and the Dynamics of Invading Mammals	p. 189
Interspecific Competition and the Dynamics of Invading Mammals	p. 189
Synthesis and Directions for Further Work	p. 190
References	p. 191
What Controls Invasion of Indigenous Forests by Alien Plants?	p. 195
Introduction	p. 195
Role of Disturbance	p. 196
Substrate and Soil Fertility	p. 199
Species Richness	p. 199
Propagule Pressure and Dispersal	p. 201
Geographic Patterns of Invasion	p. 202
Temporal Perspectives on Invasion Patterns	p. 204
Conclusions and Future Research Directions	p. 205
References	p. 207
Consequences of Alien Invasions
Consequences of Brown Trout Invasion for Stream Ecosystems	p. 213
Introduction	p. 213
Consequences of Brown Trout Invasion for the Behavior of Individuals	p. 214
Consequences of Brown Trout Invasion for Populations	p. 215
Consequences of Brown Trout Invasion for Community Interactions	p. 218
Consequences of Brown Trout Invasion for Ecosystem Processes	p. 221
What Mediates the Influence of Brown Trout vs. Native Fish?	p. 222
Lessons for Management	p. 223
References	p. 224
Relative (Un)Importance of Introduced Animals as Pollinators and Dispersers of Native Plants	p. 227
Introduction	p. 227
Approach	p. 230
Bird Flower-Visitors	p. 234
Bird Fruit-Visitors	p. 235
Invertebrate Flower-Visitors	p. 238
Implications of Findings	p. 240
References	p. 243
Trophic Interactions Among Native and Introduced Animal Species	p. 247
Introduction	p. 247
Trophic Interactions in Beech Forest Ecosystems	p. 248
Trophic Interactions in Dryland Ecosystems	p. 253
Generalities and Conclusions	p. 259
References	p. 260
Keystone Aliens? The Multiple Impacts of Brushtail Possums	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
Possums as Herbivores	p. 266
Possums as Predators	p. 268
Possums as Competitors	p. 269
Possums as Seed Dispersers	p. 270
Possums as Disease Vectors	p. 270
Risks Posed by Possum Control	p. 271
Economic Impacts of Possums	p. 272
Possums as "Keystone Aliens"	p. 273
Implications for the Future	p. 274
References	p. 275
Keystone Species: Competition for Honeydew Among Exotic and Indigenous Species	p. 281
Introduction	p. 281
Scale Insects as Keystone Species	p. 282
Exotic Species	p. 286
Conclusions	p. 290
References	p. 291
Consequences of Alien N[subscript 2]-Fixers on Vegetation Succession in New Zealand	p. 295
Introduction	p. 295
Native N[subscript 2]-Fixers	p. 296
Alien N[subscript 2]-Fixers	p. 299
Vegetation Changes Caused by N[subscript 2]-Fixing Aliens	p. 302
Conclusions	p. 303
References	p. 304
Hidden Effects: the Belowground Consequences of Introduced Browsing Mammals in New Zealand Forests	p. 307
Introduction	p. 307
How Herbivores Affect Decomposers	p. 308
Browsing Mammals and Decomposers in the New Zealand Context	p. 312
Conservation Implications	p. 316
Conclusions	p. 318
References	p. 319
Distinguishing Natural Processes from Impacts of Invasive Mammalian Herbivores	p. 323
Introduction	p. 323
Soil Erosion - Introduced Herbivores or Natural Processes?	p. 324
Do Grazing Ungulate Mammals Cause Sparse Regeneration of Some Canopy Trees?	p. 327
Do Brushtail Possums Cause Dieback of Canopy Trees?	p. 329
Conclusions	p. 333
References	p. 334
Management of Biological Invasions
Animal Control and Ecosystem Recovery	p. 339
Introduction	p. 339
Defining Ecosystem Restoration and Recovery	p. 340
What Are the Impediments to Ecosystem Recovery?	p. 340
Vegetation Recovery Following Herbivore Control in New Zealand	p. 343
Conclusions	p. 348
References	p. 350
Biological Control: Reducing the Impact of Invasive Weeds and Pests, or Just Another Source of Alien Invaders?	p. 355
Introduction	p. 355
Challenge to the Environmental Safety of Biological Control	p. 355
Classical Biological Control of Weeds	p. 357
Classical Biological Control of Insects	p. 360
Are Biological Control Introductions Flooding the Indigenous Biota?	p. 364
Discussion: Is Biological Control a Cure for or Source of Invasions?	p. 364
References	p. 366
Strategies to Reduce Predation on Bird Populations	p. 371
Introduction	p. 371
Maintaining the Defence of Isolation	p. 372
Living with Predators	p. 374
Conclusions	p. 383
References	p. 384
Setting Priorities for the Management of Marine Pests Using a Risk-Based Decision Support Framework	p. 389
Introduction	p. 389
Risk Identification	p. 390
Risk Assessment	p. 392
Analysis of Risk Treatment Options	p. 394
Risk Evaluation: Ranking Management Priorities	p. 401
Conclusions	p. 402
References	p. 403
Does Commercial Harvesting of Introduced Wild Mammals Contribute to Their Management as Conservation Pests?	p. 407
Introduction	p. 407
What Does Pest Control Need to Deliver?	p. 409
What Does Commercial Harvesting Deliver as a Pest-Control Byproduct?	p. 410
Case Study 1: Red Deer	p. 411
Case Study 2: Himalayan Tahr	p. 414
Case Study 3: Possums	p. 415
Conclusions	p. 416
References	p. 418
Pest Control: Does the Answer Lie in New Biotechnologies?	p. 421
Why Is a Biotechnological Approach Necessary?	p. 421
Biotechnology and New-Generation Vertebrate Pesticides	p. 422
Biotechnology and Fertility Control	p. 423
Biotechnologies for Improved Detection and Estimation of Mammalian Pest Populations	p. 426
The Public and New Biotechnologies	p. 429
Conclusions	p. 431
References	p. 431
Updated Perspective on Biological Invasions in New Zealand	p. 435
Introduction	p. 435
Are New Zealand Islands Vulnerable to Invasion?	p. 436
Do Invasive Species Have Novel Impacts on New Zealand Islands?	p. 441
What Are the Ongoing Consequences of Invasions for the New Zealand Landscape?	p. 445
Conclusions	p. 448
References	p. 448
Subject Index	p. 453
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Ecological Studies

At a Glance

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

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