Distibuted Systems

Foreword 9

Chapter 1. Introduction 13
Serge HADDAD, Fabrice KORDON, Laurent PAUTET and Laure PETRUCCI

FIRST PART. LARGE SCALE PEER-TO-PEER DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 19

Chapter 2. Introduction to Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Distributed Systems 21
Fabrice KORDON

2.1. "Large-Scale" distributed systems? 21

2.2. Consequences of "large-scale" 22

2.3. Some large-scale distributed systems 23

2.4. Architectures of large scale distributed systems 26

2.5. Objective of Part 1 30

2.6. Bibliography 31

Chapter 3. Design Principles of Large-Scale Distributed System 33
Xavier BONNAIRE and Pierre SENS

3.1. Introduction to peer-to-peer systems 33

3.2. The peer-to-peer paradigms 34

3.3. Services on structured overlays 41

3.4. Building trust in P2Psystems 43

3.5. Conclusion 52

3.6. Bibliography 53

Chapter 4. Peer-to-Peer Storage 59
Olivier MARIN, Sebastien MONNET and Gaël THOMAS

4.1. Introduction 59

4.2. BitTorrent 60

4.3. Gnutella 66

4.4. Conclusion 79

4.5. Bibliography 79

Chapter 5. Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Game Applications 81
Sebastien MONNET and Gaël THOMAS

5.1. Introduction 81

5.2. Large-scale game applications: model and specific requirements 83

5.3. Overview of peer-to-peer overlays for large-scale game applications 90

5.4. Overlays for FPS games 93

5.5. Overlays for online life-simulation games 95

5.6. Conclusion 100

5.7. Bibliography 101

SECOND PART. DISTRIBUTED, EMBEDDED AND REAL-TIME SYSTEMS 105

Chapter 6. Introduction to Distributed Embedded and Real-time Systems 107
Laurent PAUTET

6.1. Distributed real-time embedded systems 108

6.2. Safety critical systems as examples of DRE systems 109

6.3. Design process of DRE systems 112

6.4. Objectives of Part 2 114

6.5. Bibliography 115

Chapter 7. Scheduling in Distributed Real-Time Systems 117
Emmanuel GROLLEAU, Michaël RICHARD, and Pascal RICHARD

7.1. Introduction 117

7.2. Generalities about real-time systems 118

7.3. Temporal correctness 122

7.4. WCRT of the tasks 126

7.5. WCRT of the messages 142

7.6. Case study 149

7.7. Conclusion 154

7.8. Bibliography 155

Chapter 8. Software Engineering for Adaptative Embedded Systems 159
Etienne BORDE

8.1. Introduction 159

8.2. Adaptation, an additional complexity factor 160

8.3. Theoretical aspects of adaptation management 163

8.4. Technical solutions for the design of adaptative embedded systems 171

8.5. An example of adaptative system from the robotic domain 176

8.6. Applying MDE techniques to the design of the robotic use-case 177

8.7. Exploitation of the models 184

8.8. Conclusion 188

8.9. Bibliography 189

Chapter 9. The Design of Aerospace Systems 191
Maxime PERROTIN, Julien DELANGE, and Jerome HUGUES

9.1. Introduction 191

9.2. Flight software typical architecture 193

9.3. Traditional development methods and their limits 195

9.4. Modeling a software system using TASTE: philosophy 197

9.5. Common solutions 199

9.6. What TASTE specifically proposes 200

9.7. Modeling process and tools 201

9.8. Technology 208

9.9. Model transformations 209

9.10. The TASTE run-time 213

9.11. Illustrating our process by designing heterogeneous systems 215

9.12. First user feedback and TASTE future 224

9.13. Conclusion 225

9.14. Bibliography 226

THIRD PART. SECURITY IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 229

Chapter 10. Introduction to Security Issues in Distributed Systems 231
Laure PETRUCCI

10.1. Problem 231

10.2. Secure data exchange 233

10.3. Security in specific distributed systems 234

10.4. Outline of art III 234

10.5. Bibliography 235

Chapter 11. Practical Security in Distributed Systems 237
Benoît BERTHOLON, Christophe CERIN, Camille COTI, and Sebastien VARRETTE, Jean-Christophe DUBACQ

11.1. Introduction 237

11.2. Confidentiality 249

11.3. Authentication 252

11.4. Availability and fault tolerance 261

11.5. Ensuring resource security 278

11.6. Result checking in distributed computations 283

11.7. Conclusion 291

11.8. Bibliography 292

Chapter 12. Enforcing Security with Cryptography 301
Sami HARARI and Laurent POINSOT

12.1. Introduction 301

12.2. Cryptography: from a general perspective 303

12.3. Symmetric encryption schemes 308

12.4. Prime numbers and public key cryptography 324

12.5. Conclusion 328

12.6. Bibliography 329

Index 333