| Introduction: The Transformation of Economic Theory | p. 3 |
| Three transitions | p. 4 |
| The timing of the transitions | p. 7 |
| Theory versus practice | p. 8 |
| Where early neoclassical theory fails | p. 10 |
| Interest theory: a further blindspot | p. 11 |
| Why the history of economic theory? | p. 13 |
| Marginal Productivity and the Indeterminacy of Factor Prices | p. 16 |
| Introduction and overview | p. 16 |
| Marginal productivity theory | p. 19 |
| Initial criticisms of marginal productivity theory | p. 20 |
| Nondifferentiable production and indeterminacy | p. 22 |
| Alternatives to differentiable production | p. 23 |
| Fixed-coefficients theory and its critics | p. 25 |
| Long-run theories | p. 30 |
| Factor pricing in contemporary theory | p. 37 |
| Factor-price indeterminacy revisited: Sraffa and general equilibrium theory | p. 46 |
| Conclusion | p. 49 |
| Appendix | p. 50 |
| The Prehistory of Distribution Theory: The Wage Fund and the Invention of Marginal Productivity | p. 52 |
| Overview | p. 52 |
| Factor pricing in classical economics | p. 53 |
| The wage fund | p. 55 |
| J. S. Mill and elastic factor supply | p. 59 |
| Between the wage fund and marginal productivity | p. 61 |
| The emergence of marginal productivity | p. 64 |
| Conclusion | p. 65 |
| The Ordinal Revolution | p. 66 |
| Introduction | p. 66 |
| Demand analysis and neoclassical economics | p. 68 |
| Hedonism and its advantages | p. 72 |
| Early neoclassical accounts of deliberation | p. 76 |
| Ordinal preference theory | p. 78 |
| Ordinalism versus cardinalism | p. 82 |
| Diminishing marginal utility and psychological concavity | p. 85 |
| Should assumptions be placed only on preferences? | p. 87 |
| Convexity versus diminishing marginal utility | p. 93 |
| Transitivity and completeness | p. 96 |
| Conclusions | p. 104 |
| Postscript: choice under uncertainty | p. 107 |
| Historical Issues in Preference Theory: Cardinality and the Transition to Ordinalism | p. 110 |
| Cardinality and cardinal measurability | p. 111 |
| Cardinality based on pleasure | p. 112 |
| The end of hedonism | p. 115 |
| Fisher: non-hedonistic cardinality | p. 117 |
| The move to ordinalism | p. 121 |
| Paretian Welfare Economics | p. 123 |
| Introduction and overview | p. 123 |
| Economic utilitarianism | p. 125 |
| Early neoclassical definitions of efficiency | p. 131 |
| The rejection of utilitarianism | p. 134 |
| Bergson-Samuelson social welfare functions | p. 136 |
| An example: Harsanyi social welfare functions | p. 138 |
| Compensation criteria | p. 140 |
| Hicksian variations: cost-benefit analysis | p. 142 |
| Output comparisons | p. 145 |
| The postwar consensus | p. 150 |
| Problems with Pareto optimality | p. 153 |
| Policy paralysis: a social-choice example | p. 157 |
| Conclusion | p. 162 |
| A Positive Rate of Interest? | p. 164 |
| Introduction | p. 164 |
| The classical position | p. 167 |
| Early neoclassical interest rate theory | p. 170 |
| Contemporary interest rate theory and the impatience assumption | p. 175 |
| Technological arguments for a positive interest rate | p. 180 |
| Land and interest | p. 187 |
| Conclusion | p. 188 |
| Appendix | p. 189 |
| Conclusion | p. 191 |
| Anomaly versus norm in theoretical models | p. 191 |
| Form and content | p. 192 |
| References | p. 193 |
| Index | p. 203 |
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