| Acknowledgements | p. ix |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Scope and Aims | p. 1 |
| History of the Study of Sedimentary Sulfides | p. 3 |
| References | p. 23 |
| Sulfur Chemistry in Aqueous Solutions | p. 31 |
| Background | p. 32 |
| Elemental and Crystalline Sulfur | p. 34 |
| Sulfate | p. 36 |
| Sulfide Chemistry in Aqueous Solutions | p. 42 |
| Polysulfide Chemistry | p. 53 |
| Sulfur Oxyanions | p. 61 |
| Sulfur Free Radicals | p. 65 |
| Geochemistry of Inorganic Sulfide Oxidation | p. 67 |
| References | p. 76 |
| Sedimentary Iron Biogeochemistry | p. 85 |
| Fe Chemistry in Aqueous Solutions | p. 85 |
| The Nature of Nonsulfide Fe in Sediments | p. 94 |
| The Iron Supply to Sediments | p. 107 |
| References | p. 114 |
| Aqueous Metal-Sulfide Chemistry: Complexes, Clusters and Nanoparticles | p. 121 |
| Introduction | p. 122 |
| Complexes, Clusters and Nanoparticles | p. 126 |
| Iron-Sulfide Complexes and Clusters | p. 147 |
| Metal-Sulfide Complexes of the Iron Group: Mn, Co, Ni | p. 158 |
| Group 6: Cr and Mo | p. 162 |
| Group 11: Cu, Ag and Au | p. 166 |
| Group 12 Metals: Zn, Cd and Hg | p. 174 |
| Group 14 Metals: Pb | p. 180 |
| Group 15 Metalloids | p. 181 |
| References | p. 184 |
| Metastable Sedimentary Iron Sulfides | p. 195 |
| Introduction | p. 195 |
| Cubic FeS | p. 198 |
| Iron (II) Monosulfide: Mackinawite | p. 198 |
| Iron Thiospinel, Greigite | p. 213 |
| Marcasite | p. 225 |
| References | p. 226 |
| Sedimentary Pyrite | p. 233 |
| Introduction | p. 233 |
| Pyrite Structure | p. 234 |
| Pyrite Composition | p. 235 |
| Pyrite Solubility | p. 235 |
| Sedimentary Pyrite Formation | p. 240 |
| Kinetics and Mechanisms of Sedimentary Pyrite Formation | p. 247 |
| Sedimentary Pyrite Textures | p. 265 |
| References | p. 278 |
| Metal Sequestration by Sedimentary Iron Sulfides | p. 287 |
| Introduction | p. 287 |
| Evidence for Trace Metal Sequestration by Sulfides in Sulfidic Sediments | p. 291 |
| The Uptake of Trace Metals by Pyrite | p. 298 |
| The Mackinawite Surface | p. 303 |
| Sequestration of Organic Molecules by Sedimentary Sulfides | p. 309 |
| References | p. 312 |
| Microbial Sulfate Reduction in Sediments | p. 319 |
| Introduction | p. 319 |
| Sulfate-Reducing Microorganisms | p. 324 |
| Measurement of Sulfate Reduction in Sediments | p. 338 |
| Iron Sulfides in Microorganisms | p. 343 |
| References | p. 346 |
| Microbial Sulfide Oxidation in Sediments | p. 353 |
| Introduction | p. 353 |
| Mechanisms of Sulfur Oxidation | p. 364 |
| Sulfur Disproportionating Organisms | p. 369 |
| References | p. 370 |
| Microbial Ecology of Sulfidic Sediments | p. 373 |
| Microbial Sulfur Transformations | p. 373 |
| Metagenomics of Sulfidic Sediments | p. 376 |
| Oxygen Sensitivity in Anaerobic Sulfur Microorganisms | p. 382 |
| Microbial Stratigraphy: Biofilms and Microbial Mats | p. 383 |
| Interrelationships Between Sulfate-Reduction and Methanogens | p. 396 |
| Global Distribution of Sulfate-Reducing Microorganisms | p. 402 |
| References | p. 408 |
| Sedimentary Sulfur Isotope Biogeochemistry | p. 419 |
| Introduction | p. 420 |
| Mass-Dependent Fractionation | p. 426 |
| Mass-Independent Fractionation | p. 429 |
| Rayleigh Distillation Effects | p. 430 |
| Biogenic Processes Influencing Sulfur and Oxygen Stable Isotopes | p. 433 |
| Sedimentary Sulfur Isotopes | p. 449 |
| References | p. 464 |
| Iron Isotope Fractionation in Sedimentary Sulfides | p. 475 |
| Introduction | p. 475 |
| Fractionation Processes | p. 477 |
| Iron Isotopes in the Sedimentary Sulfide Environment | p. 484 |
| References | p. 490 |
| Euxinic Systems | p. 495 |
| Background | p. 495 |
| Oceanic Euxinic Conditions | p. 497 |
| Sulfide Distribution in Natural Waters | p. 500 |
| Anoxic Inorganic Sulfide Oxidation | p. 506 |
| Sulfate Distribution in Natural Waters | p. 507 |
| Eutrophication | p. 515 |
| Proxies for Euxinia | p. 520 |
| References | p. 534 |
| Sedimentary Sulfides | p. 543 |
| Background | p. 544 |
| Sulfide Phases in Sediments | p. 546 |
| Analytical Chemistry of Sedimentary Sulfide | p. 549 |
| Solid Sulfide Phases in Sulfidic Sediments | p. 559 |
| Dissolved Species in Sedimentary Sulfide Systems | p. 579 |
| Diagenetic Modeling of Sedimentary Sulfide Systems | p. 590 |
| References | p. 593 |
| The Geochemistry of Sulfidic Sedimentary Rocks | p. 605 |
| Distribution of Sulfur in the Earth | p. 606 |
| Sulfur Contents of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks | p. 607 |
| Carbon: Sulfur Ratios of Sedimentary Rocks | p. 609 |
| The Geochemistry of Sulfidic Sedimentary Rocks | p. 612 |
| Global Distribution of Sulfidic Sedimentary Rocks | p. 614 |
| References | p. 628 |
| Fossil Bacteria: Evidence for the Evolution of the Sulfur Biome | p. 633 |
| Introduction | p. 633 |
| Mechanism of Fossilization in Pyrite | p. 634 |
| Fossil Pyritic Microbial Mats and Biofilms | p. 644 |
| Identification of Fossil Bacteria | p. 650 |
| Molecular Fossils: Biomarkers for Ancient Sulfur Microbes | p. 655 |
| Isotopic Proxies | p. 659 |
| Molecular Biological Probes of the Evolution of the Sulfur Biome | p. 665 |
| References | p. 675 |
| The Evolution of the Sedimentary Sulfur Cycle | p. 685 |
| Background | p. 686 |
| The Hadean (4.47-3.85 Ga) | p. 689 |
| The Archean (3.85-2.5 Ga) | p. 696 |
| The Proterozoic (2.5-0.542 Ga) | p. 717 |
| The Phanerozoic (0.542-0 Ga) | p. 734 |
| Variations in the Geochemistry of Sulfidic Sediments Through Geologic Time | p. 749 |
| References | p. 753 |
| Index | p. 767 |
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