The Nature of Dementia | |
Defining "Dementia" | p. 1 |
A Definition Used in This Book | p. 5 |
Conditions Leading to Dementia | p. 6 |
Pick's Disease | p. 6 |
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease | p. 7 |
Alzheimer's Disease | p. 7 |
Huntington's Disease (Chorea) | p. 8 |
Parkinson's Disease | p. 9 |
Multiinfarct Dementia | p. 10 |
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus | p. 10 |
The Expressions of Dementia | p. 11 |
Memory Loss | p. 13 |
Sensory Register | p. 13 |
Short-Term Memory | p. 14 |
Long-Term Memory | p. 15 |
The Brain and Dementia | |
The Structure of the Cortex | p. 21 |
The Lobes of the Brain | p. 21 |
The Working Unit of the Brain: The Neuron | p. 24 |
The Intellect | p. 26 |
The Nature of Intelligence | p. 26 |
The Quality of Mind | p. 33 |
Identifying Dementia | |
Dementia in the DSM-III-R | p. 38 |
Features of Dementia | p. 38 |
Degrees of Impairment | p. 40 |
Deficits in Abstract Thought | p. 42 |
Impaired Judgment and Impulse Control | p. 42 |
Disturbances of Higher Cortical Function | p. 43 |
Personality Change | p. 44 |
Associated Features | p. 44 |
Age at Onset | p. 47 |
Course | p. 47 |
Differential Diagnosis | p. 50 |
Medical Procedures | p. 51 |
The Meaning of the Diagnostic Label | p. 52 |
Technology and Diagnosis | |
Data-Gathering Instruments | p. 60 |
The Electroencephalogram (EEG) | p. 60 |
Computerized Tomography (CT or "CAT" Scan) | p. 64 |
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) | p. 66 |
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | p. 67 |
Differential Diagnosis | p. 68 |
Research on Diagnosis | p. 72 |
Specific Effects of Dementia | p. 73 |
Current Status | p. 74 |
Dementia and Psychological Testing | |
Commonly Used Measures | p. 80 |
Psychological Tests and Dementia | p. 82 |
The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery | p. 84 |
The Luria-Nebraska Battery | p. 85 |
The Wechsler Scales | p. 89 |
The Bender Motor Gestalt Test | p. 96 |
The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) | p. 97 |
The Mental Status Questionnaire | p. 100 |
The Wechsler Memory Scale | p. 102 |
Verbal Memory and Dementia | p. 103 |
Language Function in Dementia | p. 109 |
Dementia and Psychiatric Disorders | |
Anxiety | p. 114 |
Depression | p. 117 |
Comparisons with Technology | p. 126 |
Treatment for Patients | p. 127 |
Depression in Caregivers | p. 129 |
Ancillary Effects and Dementia | p. 131 |
Suicide | p. 133 |
Delusional Ideation and Behavior | p. 134 |
Dementia and the Patient - I | |
Alzheimer's Disease | p. 140 |
Cause and Prognosis | p. 142 |
Course | p. 145 |
Multiinfarct Dementia | p. 152 |
Cause and Prognosis | p. 156 |
Course | p. 161 |
Dementia and the Patient - II | |
Pick's Disease | p. 167 |
Cause and Prognosis | p. 169 |
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus | p. 172 |
Cause and Prognosis | p. 173 |
Course | p. 174 |
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease | p. 175 |
Huntington's and Parkinson's Diseases | p. 176 |
Recent Research on Dementia in Huntington's Disease | p. 177 |
Cause and Prognosis | p. 178 |
Recent Studies on Dementia in Parkinson's Disease | p. 182 |
Cause and Prognosis | p. 184 |
Current Research in Drug Therapy | p. 190 |
Genetics | p. 190 |
Environmental Toxins | p. 191 |
Neurotransmitter Deficits | p. 191 |
Beta Amyloid | p. 192 |
Slow-Acting Virus | p. 192 |
Immune System Decline | p. 192 |
Dementia and the Family | |
Stress and Burden | p. 200 |
Research on Caregiver Burden | p. 203 |
Research on Sources of Burden | p. 206 |
Institutionalization | p. 209 |
Coping Strategies | p. 212 |
Support Groups | p. 215 |
Caregiver Depression | p. 218 |
Self-Efficacy | p. 220 |
Respite | p. 224 |
Therapeutic Intervention | p. 226 |
Intervention Techniques | |
Rationale for Intervention | p. 229 |
Assumptions | p. 229 |
Testing the Intervention | p. 232 |
Intervention Methods | p. 234 |
Reality Orientation | p. 236 |
Reminiscence Therapy | p. 241 |
Validation Therapy | p. 246 |
Remotivation Therapy | p. 248 |
Psychotherapy | p. 250 |
Reasons for Intervention | p. 251 |
Dementia and the Future | |
Dementia in the Present | p. 255 |
The Status of Diagnosis | p. 255 |
Patient Characteristics | p. 257 |
Caregiver Characteristics | p. 260 |
Interventions | p. 260 |
Research | p. 262 |
Dementia in the Twenty-First Century | p. 262 |
More of the Same | p. 263 |
Medicine | p. 263 |
Scientific Research | p. 264 |
Psychological Research | p. 265 |
Social Research | p. 266 |
Cooperative Efforts | p. 266 |
Model Building | p. 267 |
The Ultimate Goal: Prevention | p. 267 |
Notes | p. 269 |
References | p. 273 |
Index | p. 297 |
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