Contents, Introduction
1
Chapter 1- Historical Perspective
7,
Robert Boyle (1627 - 1691)
7,
Rediscovery
8,
Caissons Disease
9,
Paul Bert (1833-1886)
11,
John Scott Haldane (1860-1936)
12,
US Navy
15,
Robert Workman
16,
Professor Albert Buhlmann (1923 - 1994)
17
Chapter 2- Decompression Principles
19,
Overview
19,
The Air we Breathe
20,
The Effects of Pressure
21,
Dalton's Law
22,
The Lungs
23,
Henry's Law
26,
Diffusion
26,
Gas Transport
28,
Perfusion
28,
Saturation
29,
Tissue Compartments
30,
Half Times
30,
Supersaturation
32,
Critical Supersaturation
34,
Controlling Ratio M-Values
34,
Ascent Rates
36,
No-Stop Dives
39,
Bubble Formation
40, Silent Bubbles
40,
Safety Stops
41,
Decompression Stops
43,
Oxygen Window
48
Chapter 3- Decompression Illness
51,
Burst Lung
51,
Arterial Gas Embolism (AGE )
52,
Interstitial Emphysema
52,
Pneumothorax
52,
Decompression Sickness
52,
Decompression Classification
53,
Type I
53,
Type II
54,
Type III
54,
Type IV
55,
Reclassification of DCS and AGE
57,
Symptoms of the Bends by Frequency
59,
Time of Onset of Symptoms
59,
Predisposing Factors
60,
Dehydration
60,
Dive Profiles
61,
Repetitive Diving
62,
Temperature
62,
Obesity
63,
Exercise
63,
Smoking
65,
Age
66,
Flying after Diving
66,
Reverse Profile
67,
Previous Injury
69,
PFO
69,
Lung Shunts
72,
Doppler Bubble Detection
73,
Medical implications of DCI
75,
First Aid
76,
Oxygen
77,
5 Minute Neurological Exam
79,
Recompression
81,
In-Water Recompression
85,
Omitted Decompression
87
Chapter 4- Saturation Diving
89,
Development Of Saturation Diving
90,
Commercial Saturation Diving
93,
Saturation Decompression
93
Chapter 5- Nitrox
95,
Using Nitrox
97,
Using Nitrox as a Decompression Gas
100,
The Oxygen Window Revisited
104
Chapter 6- Deep Stops and Bubble Models
109,
Deep Stops
111,
Pyle Deep Stops - an Example
113,
Gradient Factors
116,
Dual Phase (Bubble) Models
118,
Individual Bubble Behaviour
120,
Multiple Bubble Behaviour
124,
Gas Switches and Bubble Models
126,
Specific Bubble Models: Thermodynamic Model
127,
Varying Permeability Model
129,
Critical Volume Algorithm
131,
Development of VPM
132,
Reduced Gradient Bubble Model
133
Chapter 7- Mixed Gas
135,
Choice of Gas
136,
Argon
136,
Neon
136,
Hydrogen
136,
Helium
137,
Trimix
140,
Trimix Decompression
143,
Helium in Decompression Gases
147,
Isobaric Counter Diffusion
148
Chapter 8- Other Decompression Models
157,
RNPL - Slab Diffusion
158,
BSAC -'88
160,
US Navy Exponential Linear Model
162,
Probabilistic Models
163,
DCIEM
165,
Ratio Deco
168
Chapter 9- Decompression Calculations
171,
Compartments, Half Times and Surfacing Ratios
171,
Workman M-Values (1965)
172,
Buhlmann
173,
ZH-L16A Set of M-Values for Nitrogen (1990)
174,
ZH-L16A Half-times, "A" and "B" Values for Nitrogen and Helium
175,
Conversion from Workman M-Values to Buhlmann Coefficients
175,
The DCAP MM11F6 Model (1988) for Nitrogen
176,
Variable Permeability Model (VPM)
177,
Alveolar Partial Pressure
177,
No Decompression Limits (NDL)
178,
Saturation Level
178,
Buhlmann
178,
Schreiner
178,
Ascent Ceiling
178,
Decompression Stops
179,
Calculating a Decompression Profile
179,
Gradient Factors
180,
Saturation Diving
180,
DCIEM
180,
Ratio Deco
181,
GUE Ratio Deco Calculations
181,
Ratio Set Points
181,
First Deep Stop
181,
Generic Ratio Deco Calculations
181,
Ratio Set Points
181,
First Deep Stop
181,
Acknowledgements
182,
References and Further Reading
183,
Index
190