Why did the Stalin era, a period characterized by bureaucratic control and the reign of Socialist Realism in the arts, witness such an extraordinary upsurge of musical creativity and the prominence of musicians in the cultural elite? This is one of the questions that Kiril Tomoff seeks to answer in Creative Union, the first book about any of the professional unions that dominated Soviet cultural life at the time. Drawing on hitherto untapped archives, he shows how the Union of Soviet Composers established control over the music profession and negotiated the relationship between composers and the Communist Party leadership. Central to Tomoff's argument is the institutional authority and prestige that the musical profession accrued and deployed within Soviet society, enabling musicians to withstand the postwar disciplinary campaigns that were so crippling in other artistic and literary spheres.Most accounts of Soviet musical life focus on famous individuals or the campaign against Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth and Zhdanov's postwar attack on musical formalism.
Tomoff's approach, while not downplaying these notorious events, shows that the Union was able to develop and direct a musical profession that enjoyed enormous social prestige. The Union's leadership was able to use its expertise to determine the criteria of musical value with a degree of independence. Tomoff's book reveals the complex and mutable interaction of creative intelligentsia and political elite in a period hitherto characterized as one of totalitarian control.
Industry Reviews
"Tomoff deftly challenges the mythology of the martyred Soviet artist. His thoroughly researched study explores not only the institutional structures and bureaucratic processes of the Composers' Union but also the personal and professional networks within it that protected members and preserved artistic values. Tomoff ably balances high politics and personal relationships to show how Soviet composers successfully negotiated shifting ideological terrain... This study provides a much-needed corrective to the traditional interpretation of Stalinist musical life and makes an important contribution to Russian cultural and political history. It will fascinate all those interested in the complex relationship between music, society, and the wielders of political power."-Lynn M. Sargeant, Russian Review, April 2007 "Based on exhaustive archival research, Creative Union shows how Soviet musicians consolidated, exercised, and defended professional authority in the perilous, ideologically charged atmosphere of Stalin's Russia. Kiril Tomoff's impressive, highly original work provides a compelling corrective to widely held assumptions about the status of creative intellectuals in authoritarian regimes. A valuable contribution to the field of Russian-Soviet history generally, this book has particular resonance for those interested in the nature of the Stalinist system, the formation and perpetuation of the Stalinist cultural elite, the impact of World War II on Soviet cultural life, the nexus between political power and cultural authority, and the effect of officially sanctioned anti-Semitism on creative elites."-Amy Nelson, Virginia Tech, author of Music for the Revolution: Musicians and Power in Early Soviet Russia