Springer Atmospheric Sciences

This is an updated and revised second edition presenting new developments in the field of cloud-resolving modeling. It includes new studies on convective-stratiform rainfall, budget-derived rainfall separation schemes, effects of doubled carbon dioxide on rainfall, modeling of Wegener- Bergeron-Findeisen process and precipitation predictability. The scheme that separate convective-stratiform rainfall is developed with the threshold values of ice and liquid water path and their ratio (Sui et al. 2007) and surface rainfall budget (Li et al. 2014). The rainfall partitioning schemes are also developed by cloud (Li et al. 2011) and rain (Li and Shen 2013) budgets based on the model budget data to highlight raining cloud structures. The thermal aspects of the effects of doubled carbon dioxide on tropical and pre-summer rainfall and their responses to radiation and ice clouds are analyzed, respectively, around winter and summer solstices by examining cloud and heat budgets (Li et al. 2014a, b, c). The scheme that parameterizes the depositional growth of ice crystal (Wegener- Bergeron-Findeisen Process) is modified to reduce cloud ice (Shen et al. 2014) and its comparison with other schemes are conducted using pre-summer rainfall event. Precipitation predictability is studied by examining sensitivity experiments with minor perturbed radiation under strong and weak large-scale forcing based on budget analysis (Ran and Li 2014