| Reviews of the first edition | p. ii |
| Preface to the second edition | p. ix |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Weather and climate | p. 2 |
| What do we mean by climate variability and climate change? | p. 2 |
| Connections, timescales and uncertainties | p. 6 |
| The big picture | p. 8 |
| Radiation and the Earth's energy balance | p. 11 |
| Solar and terrestrial radiation | p. 11 |
| Solar variability | p. 31 |
| Summary | p. 34 |
| The elements of the climate | p. 36 |
| The atmosphere and oceans in motion | p. 36 |
| Atmospheric circulation patterns | p. 39 |
| Radiation balance | p. 49 |
| The hydrological cycle | p. 54 |
| The biosphere | p. 55 |
| Sustained abnormal weather patterns | p. 56 |
| Atmosphere-ocean interactions | p. 61 |
| The Great Ocean Conveyor | p. 73 |
| Summary | p. 78 |
| The measurement of climate change | p. 81 |
| In situ instrumental observations | p. 81 |
| Satellite measurements | p. 87 |
| Re-analysis work | p. 92 |
| Historical records | p. 93 |
| Proxy measurements | p. 95 |
| Dating | p. 111 |
| Isotope age dating | p. 115 |
| Summary | p. 118 |
| Statistics, significance and cycles | p. 121 |
| Time series, sampling and harmonic analysis | p. 122 |
| Noise | p. 127 |
| Measures of variability and significance | p. 128 |
| Smoothing | p. 139 |
| Wavelet analysis | p. 143 |
| Multidimensional analysis | p. 146 |
| Summary | p. 148 |
| The natural causes of climate change | p. 151 |
| Autovariance and non-linearity | p. 151 |
| Atmosphere-ocean interactions | p. 154 |
| Ocean currents | p. 157 |
| Volcanoes | p. 159 |
| Sunspots and solar activity | p. 163 |
| Tidal forces | p. 175 |
| Orbital variations | p. 180 |
| Continental drift | p. 185 |
| Changes in atmospheric composition | p. 186 |
| A belch from the deep | p. 190 |
| Catastrophes and the 'nuclear winter' | p. 191 |
| Summary | p. 197 |
| Human activities | p. 200 |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | p. 200 |
| Dust and aerosols | p. 203 |
| Desertification and deforestation | p. 206 |
| The ozone hole | p. 208 |
| Summary | p. 210 |
| Evidence of climate change | p. 212 |
| Peering into the abyss of time | p. 213 |
| From greenhouse to icehouse | p. 224 |
| Sea-level fluctuations | p. 227 |
| The ice ages | p. 231 |
| The end of the last ice age | p. 239 |
| The Holocene climatic optimum | p. 245 |
| Changes during times of recorded history | p. 247 |
| The medieval climatic optimum | p. 252 |
| The Little Ice Age | p. 256 |
| The twentieth-century warming | p. 261 |
| Concluding observations | p. 268 |
| Consequences of climate change | p. 270 |
| Geological consequences | p. 270 |
| Flora and fauna | p. 272 |
| Mass extinctions | p. 276 |
| Sea levels, ice sheets and glaciers | p. 279 |
| Agriculture | p. 282 |
| The historical implications of climatic variability | p. 288 |
| Spread of diseases | p. 291 |
| The economic impact of extreme weather events | p. 294 |
| Summary | p. 301 |
| Modelling the climate | p. 303 |
| Global circulation models | p. 304 |
| Simulation of climatic variability | p. 308 |
| The challenges facing modellers | p. 312 |
| Summary | p. 318 |
| Predicting climate change | p. 321 |
| Natural variability | p. 322 |
| Predicting global warming | p. 324 |
| The predicted consequences of global warming | p. 327 |
| Doubts about the scale of global warming | p. 333 |
| What can we do about global warming? | p. 336 |
| The Gaia hypothesis | p. 341 |
| Glossary | p. 345 |
| Bibliography | p. 359 |
| Index | p. 367 |
|