
China Time
How the Ancient Chinese Kept Track of Hours, Days, Years and Epochs
By: Jeff Pepper
Hardcover | 15 September 2026
At a Glance
274 Pages
22.86 x 15.24 x 1.6
Hardcover
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From oracle bones and simple sundials to towering clockwork machines that rang gongs across imperial capitals, from time intervals ranging from a tenth of a second to over four thousand years, China has been measuring time since before the dawn of history. But the story of Chinese timekeeping is far more than a tale of ancient gadgets. It is a story about how a civilization understood the universe, and its place within it.
In China Time, best-selling author Jeff Pepper tells the story of the ingenious systems that have organized daily life in the Middle Kingdom. Discover how the Twelve Earthly Branches divide the day into periods heavy with symbolism, how night watchmen tracked the passage of time, how astronomers refined the day into ever-smaller increments, and how Buddhist thinkers imagined time in terms of fingersnaps and moments of thought.
You'll meet the people whose innovations shaped China's timekeeping and datekeeping, including the brilliant builders of huge towers whose complex clockworks transformed the analog flowing water into the first true digital "ticks" of measured time .
Along the way, you'll encounter emperors claiming the Mandate of Heaven, poets reflecting on the brevity of life, and philosophers wrestling with the shifting length of daylight and the puzzling movement of the planets across the sky. You'll see how calendars, constellations, lunar months, solar terms, and zodiac animals combined into a richly layered system shaping agriculture, government, religion, and everyday speech.
Clear, engaging, and accessible to readers with no background in Chinese language or history, China Time reveals how one of the world's oldest civilizations answered timeless questions: what time is it, what day is it, and what does it really mean?
Industry Reviews
"I recommend this book to everybody! China Time by Jeff Pepper is a fun and informative book! General readers will find a wealth of fun facts and trivia about Chinese culture, organized around the theme of keeping track of time. Even people who are fairly knowledgeable about China are likely to learn a few things from Pepper's encyclopedic yet readable overview." - Dr. Bryan W. Van Norden, James Monroe Taylor Chair and Professor of Chinese and Japanese, Vassar College
"A wonderful book that makes accessible some of the most basic aspects of Chinese culture. Pepper systematically explains how time was divided up and how those divisions ramified throughout Chinese culture. Traditional time systems still underlie many activities in modern China, much to the confusion of foreigners. I wish I had had this book thirty years ago!"
- Dr. Peter Lorge, Associate Professor of Premodern Chinese History, Vanderbilt University, author of War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China
"This is a fascinating and deeply rewarding book. What began as an enjoyable read quickly became an invitation to explore the remarkable ways people in premodern China understood time, the universe, and humanity's place within it. I found myself continually amazed by the author's extraordinary depth of knowledge and the wealth of history, science, and culture woven into every chapter. Whether you are looking for an engaging introduction or a starting point for deeper exploration, this book offers both. My sincere appreciation to the author for sharing such an enlightening and inspiring work." - Dr. Wei Zhou, Chinese teacher, Riverbend School
"China Time is a fascinating and highly engaging exploration of how the Chinese have measured and understood time throughout history, from minutes, days, months, and years to dynastic eras and historical epochs. Although many aspects of the traditional Chinese calendar and timekeeping system remain deeply embedded in Chinese culture and continue to shape contemporary life, Jeff Pepper goes far beyond simply explaining these concepts. He skillfully traces the historical development of Chinese timekeeping while weaving together rich cultural context, historical background, and captivating stories that bring this intricate subject vividly to life. I thoroughly enjoyed reading this book and expect to return to it often as a reference for my own teaching. Jeff Pepper has produced an outstanding work that makes a complex subject both accessible and memorable." - Dr. Jie Zhang, Executive Director, Chinese Language Teachers Association; Associate Professor, University of Oklahoma
"I found China Time to be an exceptional resource. Jeff Pepper skillfully weaves together history, language, astronomy, philosophy, and cultural traditions into a clear and engaging narrative. Complex concepts become approachable without sacrificing depth, making this book equally valuable for educators, students, practitioners, and anyone seeking a richer understanding of Chinese civilization. It is a fascinating work that deepened even my own appreciation of the many ways time has shaped Chinese thought, medicine, and culture." - Dr. Pen-Pen Chen, CEO, Penguistic Solutions
"I've spent years studying Mandarin, but I was surprised by how often China Time revealed the fascinating history behind ideas I thought I already understood. Whether you're a student of Mandarin, a lover of Chinese history, or simply curious about one of the world's oldest civilizations, China Time will leave you with a much richer appreciation for the culture, ingenuity, and worldview that continue to shape China today." - Daniel Nalesnik, CEO, HackChinese.com
Contents. 9
Acknowledgements and Notes. 11
Preface. 12
Part 1: A Day in China - What Time Is It?. 13
Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Timekeeping. 15
Chapter 2: The Twelve Earthly Branches. 18
Chapter 3: The Five Night Watches. 24
Chapter 4: The Hu¡in¡nzÇ 28
Chapter 5: The Hundred-k¨ System... 32
Chapter 6: The 96-k¨ System... 36
Chapter 7: Tiny Slices of Time. 40
Chapter 8: Buddhist Units of Time. 44
Chapter 9: Folk Methods. 46
Chapter 10: Early Sundials. 52
Chapter 11: Later Sundials. 56
Chapter 12: Telling Time Underground and at Sea. 61
Chapter 13: Water Clocks. 66
Chapter 14: The First Water Clocks. 68
Chapter 15: The Double Pot Floating Arrow Water Clock. 72
Chapter 16: ZhÄng H©ng's Improved Water Clock. 76
Chapter 17: YÄ« Xng's Lotus Water Clock. 82
Chapter 18: ShÄn Kuo's Improved Water Clock. 87
Chapter 19: SÅ« S²ng's Water Clock Tower. 91
Chapter 20: The Sands of Time. 97
Chapter 21: The Five-Wheel Hourglass. 101
Chapter 22: Incense Clocks. 104
Part 2: A Year in China - What Day Is It?. 111
Chapter 23: Calendar Challenges. 112
Chapter 24: The Cycles of the Moon. 115
Chapter 25: The 28 Lunar Mansions. 119
Chapter 26: Naming the Months. 125
Chapter 27: Leap Months. 130
Chapter 28: The 24 Solar Terms. 134
Chapter 29: Calendars and Almanacs. 140
Chapter 30: Evolution of Calendars. 143
Chapter 31: Reading an Almanac. 154
Chapter 32: Patterns in the Stars. 159
Chapter 33: The Structure of Heaven. 165
Chapter 34: What's Today's Date?. 173
Chapter 35: The Ten Heavenly Stems. 178
Chapter 36: Combining Two Systems. 182
Chapter 37: Using the Stems and Branches. 186
Chapter 38: Naming Dates. 190
Chapter 39: Zhou Plans a Burial 193
Chapter 40: Luck and Fate. 197
Chapter 41: Cheng Plans a Move. 201
Chapter 42: The Twelve Day Officers. 206
Chapter 43: The Twelve Duty Spirits. 210
Chapter 44: Four Pillars and Eight Characters. 213
Chapter 45: The Ten-Year Luck Cycles. 217
Chapter 46: Lady Wu Plans a Family Visit 222
Part 3: An Epoch in China - What Era Is It?. 224
Chapter 47: Longer Periods of Time. 225
Chapter 48: Eras, Reigns and Dynasties. 227
Chapter 49: The Three Epochs. 232
Chapter 50: The Great Year. 236
Epilogue. 241
Appendix 1: The Chinese Dynasties. 244
Appendix 2: The Chinese Language. 246
Appendix 3: Further Learning. 250
Appendix 4: Chinese Glossary. 252
Illustration Credits. 264
About the Author. 265
End Notes. 266
Index 270
ISBN: 9798951011039
Available: 15th September 2026
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 274
Audience: General Adult
Publisher: Imagin8 LLC
Dimensions (cm): 22.86 x 15.24 x 1.6
Weight (kg): 0.54
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You Can Find This Book In

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