Cargo Claims

Table of cases xi

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER 2 THE CONTRACT OF CARRIAGE 2

CHAPTER 3 CARRIERâS RESPONSIBILITY TOWARDS CARGO 6

Responsibilities in contract 6

(A) To issue an accurate bill of lading or other transport document 6

(B) To state the condition of the cargo 8

(C) To take reasonable care of cargo 14

(D) To exercise due diligence to ensure the ship is seaworthy prior to the commencement of the voyage 16

(E) To collect General Average securities and procure an adjustment 26

Responsibilities in tort 27

Responsibilities in bailment 28

CHAPTER 4 DELAY AND DEVIATION 32

Deviation 34

CHAPTER 5 CARGO INTERESTSâ RESPONSIBILITIES IN RESPECT OF CARGO 36

(A) Not to ship dangerous cargo without consent 36

(B) To accurately declare particulars of the goods 37

(C) To take delivery 37

(D) To pay General Average and salvage 38

CHAPTER 6 DEFENCES TO CARGO CLAIMS 40

(A) Common law defences 40

(B) Exercise of due diligence 40

(C) Carrierâs orbit 41

(D) Contracting out of cargo care 41

(E) Proof of condition on loading 41

(F) Proof of condition on discharge 42

G) Causation 43

(H) Deck cargo 43

(I) Article IV defences 44

(J) Title to sue 55

(K) Limitation 60

(L) Time bars 65

(M) Quantification rules 71

CHAPTER 7 ASPECTS OF COMMON CARGO CLAIMS 77

(A) Misdelivery 77

(B) Shortage and over-carriage 79

(C) Liquefaction 82

(D) Contamination 83

CHAPTER 8 CARGO CLAIMS UNDER CHARTERPARTIES AND SHIP SHARING AGREEMENTS 85

(A) Charterparties 85

(B) Space sharing agreements 86

CHAPTER 9 PROOF AND CAUSATION 88

(A) Factual causation 88

(B) Legal causation 88

(C) Circumstantial evidence 89

(D) Process of elimination 89

(E) Burden of proof in cargo claims 91

(F) Dangerous cargo claims 94

CHAPTER 10 CARGO INSURERS, SUBROGATION AND RECOVERY AGENTS 99

CHAPTER 11 P&I COVER FOR CARGO CLAIMS 101

CHAPTER 12 SECURITY FOR CARGO CLAIMS AND P&I CLUB LETTERS OF UNDERTAKING 104

CHAPTER 13 ABANDONMENT OF CARGO 112

CHAPTER 14 RECOVERY ACTIONS â" LETTERS OF INDEMNITY 115

CHAPTER 15 RECOVERY ACTIONS â" CHARTERPARTIES 118

(A) Cargo responsibility clauses 118

(B) Employment order indemnity 119

(C) Unsafe port 122

(D) Dangerous cargo 122

CHAPTER 16 RECOVERY ACTIONS â" THE INTER-CLUB AGREEMENT 124

Index 147