Building Structures

Introduction xi

1. Basic Concepts 1

1.1 Basic Concerns 1

1.2 Architectural Considerations 3

1.3 Structural Functions 12

1.4 Structural Materials 18

1.5 Structural Systems 21

2. Investigation of Structures 39

2.1 Introduction to Structural Investigation 39

2.2 Static Forces 41

2.3 Stresses and Strains 56

2.4 Special Topics 63

2.5 Dynamic Behavior 75

3. Structural Elements  80

3.1 Beams 80

3.2 Tension Elements 88

3.3 Compression Elements 93

3.4 Trusses 99

3.5 Rigid Frames 104

3.6 Special Structures 112

4. Wood Structures 114

4.1 General Concerns forWood 114

4.2 Wood Products and Systems 117

4.3 Design Data for Structural Lumber 124

4.4 Wood-Spanning Systems 126

4.5 Wood Trusses 134

4.6 Wood Columns 139

4.7 Fasteners and Connections forWood 147

5. Steel Structures 153

5.1 General Concerns for Steel 153

5.2 Steel Beams, Joists, and Decks 158

5.3 Steel Columns 187

5.4 Bolted Connections for Steel Structures 196

5.5 Steel Trusses 202

6. Concrete Structures 203

6.1 General Concerns for Concrete 203

6.2 Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members 211

6.3 Concrete Columns 238

6.4 Concrete Foundations 247

7. Masonry Structures 259

7.1 General Concerns for Masonry 259

7.2 StructuralMasonry 262

7.3 Masonry with Concrete Units 267

7.4 Form and Classification of Compression Elements 270

7.5 Brick Masonry 271

7.6 Miscellaneous Masonry Construction 276

7.7 Adobe Construction 279

7.8 Hollow Clay Tile 279

8. Building Foundations and Site Structures 281

8.1 General Considerations 281

8.2 Soil Properties and Foundation Behavior 283

8.3 Shallow Bearing Foundations 293

8.4 Elements of Foundation Systems 298

8.5 Deep Foundations 304

8.6 Special Problems and Construction 308

9. Lateral-Force Effects 316

9.1 General Considerations for Lateral Effects 316

9.2 Wind Effects on Buildings 335

9.3 Earthquake Effects on Buildings 341

9.4 Elements of Lateral Resistive Systems 350

10. Building Structures Design Examples 381

10.1 General Concerns for Structural Design 381

10.2 Building One 392

10.3 Building Two 399

10.4 Building Three 410

10.5 Building Four 414

10.6 Building Five 416

10.7 Building Six 418

10.8 Building Seven 430

10.9 Building Eight 455

10.10 Building Nine 458

Appendix A: Properties of Sections 468

Appendix B: Glossary 483

Appendix C: Exercise Problems 489

Appendix D: Study Aids 504

References 519

Index 521