Bridge Engineering

Section 1 Highway Bridges
1.1 USE AND FUNCTIONALITY
1.1.1 Terminology and Nomenclature
1. Superstructure
2. Substructure
3. Appurtenances and Site-Related Features
4. Miscellaneous Terms
1.1.2 Structure Types and Applications
1. Slab-on-Girder
2. One-Way Slab
3. Steel and Concrete Box Girder
4. Cable-Stayed
5. Suspension
6. Steel and Concrete Arch
7. Truss
1.2 ORIGINS OF THE MODERN HIGHWAY BRIDGE
1.3 BRIDGE DESIGNERS AND THEIR PROJECTS
1.4 THE BRIDGE ENGINEERING LEXICON
REFERENCES
Section 2 Project Inception
2.1 PROJECT FUNDING
2.1.1 User Fees
2.1.2 Nonuser Fees
2.1.3 Special Benefit Fees
2.1.4 Private Financing
2.1.5 Debt Financing
2.1.6 Conclusions
2.2 TYPES OF DESIGN STANDARDS
2.2.1 General Specifications
2.2.2 Material-Related Design Codes
1. Steel
2. Concrete
3. Timber
2.2.3 Use of Design Standards
2.3 SITE INSPECTION
2.3.1 The Qualifications of Inspectors
2.3.2 The Design Inspection
2.3.3 Recording the Inspection
2.3.4 Rating Substructure Elements
1. Joints
2. Bearings, Bridge Seats, and Pedestals
3. Concrete Elements
4. Steel Elements
5. Timber Elements
6. Embankment
2.3.5 Rating Superstructure Elements
1. Deck and Wearing Surface
2. Primary and Secondary Members
2.3.6 Rating Appurtenance and Site-Related Elements
1. Railing
2. Drainage Systems
3. Utilities
4. Lighting and Signing
2.3.7 Inspecting for Scour
1. The Channel
2. The Substructure
2.3.8 Conclusions
2.4 SITE SURVEY
2.4.1 Topography
2.4.2 Planimetry
2.4.3 Structure Features
2.5 PHYSICAL TESTING
2.5.1 Coring
2.5.2 Delamination Testing
2.5.3 Testing for Cover
2.5.4 Measuring Steel Thickness
2.5.5 Detecting Fatigue Cracks
2.6 THE INSPECTION TEAM
2.7 AS-BUILT PLANS AND OTHER RECORD DATA
2.7.1 Supplementing As-Built Plans
1. Guard Railing
2. Drainage Facilities
3. Traffic Barriers
4. Miscellaneous Elements
2.7.2 Other Sources
2.8 CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Section 3 The Superstructure
3.1 SUPERSTRUCTURE TYPES
3.1.1 Steel Superstructures
1. Rolled Beam
2. Rolled Beam with Cover Plate
3. Plate Girder
4. Box Girder
5. Steel Rigid Strut Frame
6. Large Structures
3.1.2 Concrete Superstructures
1. Prestressed Concrete Girder
2. Concrete Box Girder
3. Concrete Slab
4. Adjacent Prestressed Slab
5. Concrete Rigid Frame
6. Concrete Strut Frame
7. Concrete Arch
3.1.3 Timber Superstructures
1. Glulam Timber
2. Stress-Laminated Timber Deck
3. Trestle
4. Truss
3.1.4 Secondary Members
1. Diaphragms
2. Lateral Bracing
3. Portal and Sway Bracing
3.2 DECK TYPES
3.2.1 Noncomposite and Composite Decks
3.2.2 Cast-in-Place Concrete Slab
3.2.3 Full-Depth Precast Concrete Panels
3.2.4 Partial-Depth Precast Concrete Panels
3.2.5 Steel Orthotropic Plate
3.2.6 Steel Grid
3.2.7 Timber
3.2.8 Corrugated Metal
3.2.9 Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
3.3 WEARING SURFACE TYPES
3.3.1 Asphalt Concrete
3.3.2 Polymer Modified Concrete
3.3.3 Micro-Silica Concrete
3.3.4 High-Performance Concrete
3.3.5 Integrated Wearing Surface
3.4 DECK JOINT TYPES
3.4.1 Open and Sealed Joints
3.4.2 Poured Joints
3.4.3 Compression Seal Joints
3.4.4 Strip Seal Joints
3.4.5 Modular Joints
3.4.6 Finger Plate Joints
3.4.7 Sliding Plate Joints
3.4.8 Conclusions
3.5 DESIGN LOADS
3.5.1 Background and History
3.5.2 Permanent Loads
1. Dead Load
2. Superimposed Dead Load
3. Pressures
4. Superimposed Deformations
3.5.3 Transient Loads
1. Vehicular Live Load
2. Pedestrian Load
3. Earthquake Loading
4. Wind Loading
5. Channel Forces
6. Braking Force
7. Centrifugal Forces
8. Dyna