Bridge Design and Evaluation

Preface xi

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Bridge Engineering and Highway Bridge Network 1

1.2 Types of Highway Bridges 2

1.3 Bridge Construction and Its Relation to Design 7

1.4 AASHTO Specifications and Design and Evaluation Methods 9

1.5 Goals for Bridge Design and Evaluation 11

1.6 Preliminary Design versus Detailed Design 11

1.7 Organization of This Book 12

References 14

2 Requirements for Bridge Design and Evaluation 15

2.1 General Requirements 15

2.2 Limit States 16

2.3 Constructability 20

2.4 Safety 21

2.5 Serviceability 31

2.6 Inspectability 41

2.7 Economy 41

2.8 Aesthetics 42

2.9 Summary 44

References 45

Problems 45

3 Loads, Load Effects, and Load Combinations 47

3.1 Introduction 47

3.2 Permanent Loads 48

3.3 Transient Loads 63

3.4 Load Combinations 83

References 92

Problems 92

4 Superstructure Design 101

4.1 Introduction 101

4.2 Highway Bridge Superstructure Systems 103

4.3 Primary Components of Highway Bridge Superstructure 106

4.4 Deck Systems 110

4.5 Deck-Supporting Systems 121

4.6 Design of Reinforced Concrete Deck Slabs 135

4.7 Design of Steel I Beams 177

4.8 Design of Prestressed Concrete I Beams 247

References 300

Problems 300

5 Bearing Design 303

5.1 Introduction 303

5.2 Types of Bridge Bearing 304

5.3 Appropriate Selection of Bearings 313

5.4 Design of Elastomeric Bearings 314

References 333

Problems 333

6 Substructure Design 335

6.1 Introduction 335

6.2 Piers 340

6.3 Abutments 346

6.4 Foundations 349

6.5 Design of Piers 353

6.6 Design of Abutments 357

References 393

Problems 393

7 Highway Bridge Evaluation 395

7.1 Introduction 395

7.2 Inspection and Condition Rating 397

7.3 Load Rating 401

7.4 Fatigue Evaluation for Steel Components 416

References 419

Problems 419

Index 421