Brazil

List of Exhibits: Preface: Introduction: A Brief Sketch of Brazil and Its Place in the World: Chapter 1. The Birth and Growth of Colonial Brazil Portuguese Arrival in the New World Factors Leading Up to Cabral's Voyage Early Consolidation of the Monarchy: A Social Structure with a Merchant Class: Long-standing Involvement in Trade Routes: Too Small to Send Nationals to Settle Abroad: Securing the Frontiers From Trading to Colonizing Brazil's Colonial Economy and Its Nexus with Portugal The Influence of Enlightenment Ideas Conspiracies against the Portuguese Chapter 2. Peoples and Drams in the Making of the Colony Hunting Indigenous People for Enslavement and the Jesuit Role The Portuguese Explorers and Their Expeditions The Role of the Mameluco The Concept of Race as Applied to Indians in the Colony The Place of African Slaves and Free Coloreds The Persistence of the African in Brazilian Culture Chapter 3. From Colony to Independence as a Monarchy The Portuguese Court Comes to Brazil Creating a New Portuguese America Brazilian Hierarchies The Tribulations of Brazil's First Emperor Uprisings under the Regency Recentralization The Role of Pedro II: The Rise of Coffee The Emerging Problems with Slavery as an Institution The Question of Abolition The Paraguayan War Chapter 4. The Making of "Modern" Brazil A New Generation and the Military Question Abolition and Its Aftermath: The Brazilian Way The End of the Empire Selling Brazil: "Whitening" Brazil: The Reality behind the Facade: Coffee Fluctuations, Emerging Industry, and Urban Labor The Roots of Industrialization: Worker Organization and Employers' Strategy: Evaporation of the Oligarchical Consensus: A Message from Below: Economic Strains: Chapter 5. Building to a Dictatorship and World War II The Shock of World War I The Economy after the War Brazil's Uneven Development: New Currents in the 1920s Modernism, Brazilian Style: Rise of Anti-Liberal Thought: The Disintegration of the Old Politics: The Revolution of 1930 Swing toward Centralization: Ideological Polarization: Getúlio Vargas as Dictator The Vargas Style: Corporatist Inroads: A New Search for National Identity: Juggling the International Options: World War II and the Rise of U.S. Influence: Collapse of the Dictatorship at Home: Chapter 6. Returning to Democracy, for a While The 1945 Election and the Dutra Period Vargas Returns From Oligarch to Populist: Vargas's Legislative Program Runs into Trouble: Suicide: Population Growth, Regional Disequilibria, and Migration A New President, Juscelino Kubitschek, Elected Political Strategy: The Economic Development Program: Dealing with the World Economy: The Brief Presidency of Jânio Quadros The Succession of João Goulart Populists versus the Military: The Economic Crisis Escalates: Chapter 7. Rule of the Military The Generals Search for a Political Base Growing Opposition, Growing Repression: 1964-67: Triumph of the Hard Line: The Arrival of the Guerrillas Brazilian Culture and the Generals The Effects of Repression: Military Rule and Questions about Brazilian Political Culture: The Economic "Miracle" Wrought by the Authoritarians The Benefits and Costs of Foreign Loans: The Winners and Losers: The Road to Redemocratization Battles within the Officer Corps: Manipulating the Electoral System: Chapter 8. Redemocratization--New Hope, Old Problems An Unintended Succession Sarney and the New Democracy The Cruzado Plan: The Debt Crisis and the Economy Lost Investment: The Brain Drain: Widening Gaps between Rich and Poor Education and Health Care: Housing and Communications: Public Health: A Success Story Changes Affecting Women Race Relations Contemporary Culture The Political Spectrum in the New Democracy The Collor Debacle The Election: The Policies: The End: Another Vice President in Command Back to Stabilization: The Plano Real The Presidential Election of 1994 The Cardoso Government's first Term: Going for a Second Term: Social Justice Delayed: Selling Off the State: Brazil in the Shadow of an Argentine Default: Chapter 9. Brazilian Democracy Takes a New Turn: Or Does It? Lula Finally Becomes Legitimate The 2002 Presidential Campaign: Lula's First Steps The PT in Power Exports Take Center Stage as Lula Continues to Govern Government Fortunes Further Reverse as the PT Tastes Scandal The Last Year of Lula's First Term The Economy in 2006: Some Hard Lessons for Lula's Socialism The Landless Movement: Riots among the Criminal Population: Conflict with Bolivia over Natural Gas: The 2006 Presidential Campaign Lula's Second Term and the Outlook Ahead Lula's Luck: What's Next?: Suggestions for Further Reading: Index: