Biologically-Inspired Systems

Introduction Species Richness and Diversity of Marine Vertebrates Part I: Biomaterials of Vertebrates Origin. An Overview Conclusion References Part II: Biomineralization in Marine Vertebrates 2. Cartilage of marine vertebrates 2.1. From non-mineralized to mineralized cartilage 2.1.1. Marine cartilage: Biomechanics and Material Properties 2.1.2. Marine cartilage: Tissue Engineering 2.1.3. Shark cartilage: Medical Aspect 2.1.4. Conclusion References 3. Biocomposites and Mineralized Tissues 3.1. Bone 3.1.1. Whale Bone: Size, Chemistry And Material Properties 3.1.2. Whale Bone Haus 3.1.3. Conclusion References 3.3. Tooth 3.3.1. Tooth-Like Structures 3.3.2. Keratinized Teeth 3.3.3. Rostral Teeth 3.3.4. Pharyngeal Denticles And Teeth3.3.5. Extra-Oral And Extra-Mandibular Teeth 3.3.6. Vertebrate Oral Teeth 3.3.6.1. Folded Teeth 3.3.6.2. Hypermineralized Tooth Plates 3.3.6.3. Shark Teeth 3.3.6.4. Whale Teeth 3.3.6.5. Narwhal Tusk 3.3.6.6. Walrus Tusk 3.3.7. Conclusion References 3.4. Otoconia And Otoliths 3.4.1. Chemistry and Biochemistry Of Otoconia And Otoliths 3.4.2. Practical Applications Of The Fish Otoliths 3.4.3. Conclusion References 3.5. Egg Shells Of Marine Vertebrates 3.5.1. Egg Shells Of Marine Reptilia 3.5.2. Egg Shells Of Sea Birds 3.5.3. Conclusion References 3.6. Biomagnetite in Marine Vertebrates 3.6.1. Magnetite in Marine Fish 3.6.2. Magnetite in Marine Reptiles 3.6.3. Magnetite in Sea Birds 3.6.4. Magnetite in Cetaceans 3.6.5. Conclusion References 3.7. Biohalite 3.7.1. Diversity and Origin of Salt Glands in Marine Vertebrates 3.7.2. Salt Glands: From Anatomy To Cellular Level 3.7.3. Conclusion References 3.8. Pathological Biomineralization in Marine Vertebrates 3.8.1. Conclusion References 3.9. Silica-based Minerals in Marine Vertebrates 3.9.1. Conclusion References Part III: Marine Fishes as Source of Unique Biocomposites 4. Fish Scales as Mineral-based Composites 4.1. Enamel and Enameloid 4.2. Dentine and Dentine-based Composite 4.3. Fish Scales, Scutes And Denticles: Diversity And Structure 4.4. Conclusion References 5. Materials Design Principles of Fish Scales and Armor 5.1. Biomechanics of Fish Scales 5.2. Fish Swimming And The Surface Shape Of Fish Scale 5.2.1 Superoleophobicity of Fish Scale Surfaces 5.2.2 Selfcleaning of Fish Scales and Biomimetic Applitions 5.3. Conclusion References 6. Fish Skin: From Clothing to Tissue Engineering 6.1. Fish Skin Clothing and Leather 6.2. Shagreen 6.3. Fish Scales and Skin as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering 6.4. Conclusion References 7. Fish Fins and Rays as Inspiration for Materials Engineering and Robotics 7.1. Fish Fins and Rays: Diversity, Structure and Function 7.1.1. Fish Wings: Fins of Flying Fish 7.2. Fish Fin Spines and Rays 7.3. Chemistry of Fish Fin: Elastoidin 7.4. Fin Regeneration and Fin Cell Culture 7.5. Robotic Fish-Like Devices 7.5.1. Fish and Designing of Smart Materials 7.5.2. Fish Biorobotics 7.6. Conclusion References Part IV: Marine Biopolymers of Vertebrate Origin8. Marine Collagens 8.1. Isolation and properties of fish collagens 8.2. Fish collagen as Biomaterial 8.3. Conclusion References 9. Marine Gelatins 9.1. Fish Gelatin-based Films 9.2. Shark skin and Cartilage Gelatin 9.3. Conclusion References 10. Marine Elastin 10.1. Elastin-like Proteins in Lamprey 10.2. Fish Elastin 10.3. Cetacean Elastin 10.4. Conclusion References 11. Marine Keratins 11.1. Intermediate Filaments 11.2. Hagfish Slime 11.3. Whale Baleen 11.4. Conclusion References 12. Egg-capsule Proteins of Selachians 12.1. Collagen 12.2. Polyphenol-containing Proteins 12.3. Conclusion References 13. Marine Structural Proteins in Biomedicine and Tissue Engineering 13.1. Conclusion References Epilogue References Addendum 8. Marine Collagens 8.1. Isolation and properties of fish collagens 8.2. Fish collagen as Biomaterial 8.3. Conclusion References 9. Marine Gelatins 9.1. Fish Gelatin-based Films 9.2. Shark skin and Cartilage Gelatin 9.3. Conclusion References 10. Marine Elastin 10.1. Elastin-like Proteins in Lamprey 10.2. Fish Elastin 10.3. Cetacean Elastin 10.4. Conclusion References 11. Marine Keratins 11.1. Intermediate Filaments 11.2. Hagfish Slime 11.3. Whale Baleen 11.4. Conclusion References 12. Egg-capsule Proteins of Selachians 12.1. Collagen 12.2. Polyphenol-containing Proteins 12.3. Conclusion References 13. Marine Structural Proteins in Biomedicine and Tissue Engineering 13.1. Conclusion References Epilogue References Addendum