List of Contributors xv
About the Editor xxi
Preface xxiii
1 Biomass Refining and Biofoundry: Key Products, Process Limitations, and Future Aspects 1
Lucas Ramos, Jesºs Jim©nez Ascencio, James Villar, M³nica Ma. Cruz-Santos, and Anuj Kumar Chandel
1.1 Introduction 1
2 Structural Carbohydrates Conversion into Sugars, Fuels, Chemicals, and Sustainable Materials 27
Katarina Mihajlovski, Nevena Ili¦, Galina Jev°enovi¦, and Marija Mili¦
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Conclusions 51
3 Integrating Lignocellulosic Biomass Processing, Biomanufacturing, and Biofoundries: Innovations and Challenges in the Bioeconomy 59
Yaim© Delgado-Arca±o, Alisson Dias da Silva Ruy, Leila Maria Aguilera Campos, and Oscar Daniel Valma±a-Garca
3.1 Introduction 59
3.2 Advances in Biomass Processing: Pretreatment and Purification Strategies 60
3.3 Bioeconomy and Biofoundries: How Automation and Synthetic Biology can Enhance Biorefineries 65
3.4 Economic Competitiveness in the Production of Bioproducts of Commercial Interest 72
3.5 Conclusions 78
4 Lignin Valorization Is the Key for a Winâ"Win Situation in a Biomass Refinery 87
Lucas Ramos, Carina Prado, Maria Teresa Ferreira Ramos Raimundo, Uiraj¡ C. M. Ruschoni, Vincius Pereira Shibukawa, and Anuj Kumar Chandel
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Lignin: Dispensable Source of Renewable Carbon 88
4.3 Lignin Chemistry 90
4.4 Lignin Extraction Methods 92
4.5 Lignin Conversion Route 94
4.6 Biological Routes 94
4.7 Chemical Routes 96
4.8 Lignin in the Pulp and Paper Industry 97
4.9 Conclusion and Future Directions 99
5 Sustainable Production of Advanced Alcohol-Based Biofuels in Biorefinery: From Alcohols to Sustainable Aviation Fuels 105
Danielle Matias Rodrigues, Paula Zaghetto de Almeida, Allan H. F©lix de M©lo, Juliana Velasco de Castro Oliveira, Ana Paula Jacobus, and Henrique Macedo Baudel
5.1 Introduction 105
5.2 Bioethanol 106
5.3 Advanced Alcohol-Based Fuels 108
5.4 Biobutanol: The Biofoundry as a Tool to Optimize 109
5.5 Biofoundry Synthetic Biology Tools 113
5.6 Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) 117
5.7 Conclusion 118
6 Biomanufacturing of Smart Packaging Materials, Cosmetics, Therapeutics, and Nanomaterials Through Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Framework 127
Sounak Maitra, Muskaan Sethi, Prisha Inani, Palak Shrivastava, C. Shriya, and Samuel Jacob
6.1 Introduction 127
6.2 Lignocellulosic Raw Materials and Their Potential as Industrial Raw Materials 128
6.3 Smart Packaging Materials 135
6.4 Cosmetics and Therapeutics 138
6.5 Bio-Nanotechnology Through Biomass 141
6.6 Conclusion 142
7 White Biotechnology for Skincare: Unveiling the Power of Bioactives for the Cosmetic Industry 151
Samatha Paladugu, Sarepalli Sai Sathwik, and Mamatha Potu
7.1 Introduction 151
7.2 Fermented Bioactives 153
7.3 Innovative Approaches in Green Bio-ferment Cosmetic Formulations 156
7.4 Green Bio Ferments 158
7.5 Active Compounds from Bioferments 160
7.6 Application of Bioferments in Skincare 170
7.7 KINMATI: The Advanced Probiotic Biofermented Raw Material for Skincare 173
7.8 Future of Bio-ferments, Active Ingredients, and Green Formulations 173
7.9 Conclusion 176
8 Biotechnological Advancements in Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation: Metabolic Pathways and Metabolite Profiles 189
Samatha Paladugu, Sarepalli Sai Sathwik, and Sreelatha Beemagani
8.1 Introduction 189
8.2 Metabolism of Carbohydrates (Mono, Di, Oligo, and Polysaccharides) 190
8.3 Monosaccharides 191
8.4 Disaccharides 192
8.5 Oligosaccharides 193
8.6 Polysaccharides and Indigestible Carbohydrates 193
8.7 Indigestible Starch/Resistant Starch 193
8.8 Metabolism of Nitrogen Source (Proteins) 195
8.9 Utilization and Metabolism of Malic Acid and Citric Acid 199
8.10 Metabolite Profiles of Lactobacillus Ferments 200
8.11 Vitamins 201
8.12 Short-chain Fatty Acids 202
8.13 Exopolysaccharides 202
8.14 Antioxidant Substances 202
8.15 Production of Polyols 203
8.16 Metabolomic Profiles of Different Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Rice Fermentation 203
9 Biofoundry in Microbial Protein Production: Process Challenges and Future Scenario 219
Simab Kanwal, Sher Zaman Safi, Aphichart Karnchanatat, and Piroonporn Srimongkol
9.1 Introduction 219
9.2 Microorganisms and Protein Production 220
9.3 Strain Selection for Protein Production 221
9.4 Protein-Rich Biomass Production 222
9.5 Microbial Bioprocessing 223
9.6 Cultivation Systems 2249.7 Bioreactors for Protein Production 224
9.8 Downstream Processing 225
9.9 Strategies in Synthetic Bioengineering 227
9.10 Challenges and Future Prospects 229
9.11 Conclusions 231
10 Nanotechnological Interventions in the Advancement of Lignocellulose Bio-Foundry: Current Status and Future Prospects 237
Carlos Lopez-Ortiz, Alan Chavez-Hita Wong, Aldo Sosa, and Nagamani Balagurusamy
10.1 Introduction 237
10.2 Advancing Lignocellulose Bio-Foundries: Pretreatment Strategies and Nanotechnology Integration 238
10.3 Catalytic Nanomaterials and Enzyme Immobilization for Lignocellulose Biomass Conversion 239
10.4 Underlying the Interactions of Nanotechnology Mechanism in Lignocellulose Bio-Foundry 242
10.5 Factors Affecting Nanotechnology Use and Its Performance in Bio-Foundry Using Lignocellulosic Biomass 245
10.6 Challenges and Considerations Using Nanotechnology in Lignocellulose Bio-Foundry 246
10.7 Future Perspectives of Nanotechnology in Biofuel Production 248
10.8 Conclusion 248
11 Synthetic Biology in the Realm of Genome Engineering for Improved Biocatalysts and Production 257
Jos© Daniel Cano Montoya, Diego Hernandez, and Josman Velasco
11.1 Introduction 257
11.2 The Designâ"Buildâ"Testâ"Learn Cycle for Optimizing Biological Systems 258
11.3 The Synthetic Biology Toolkit for Genome Engineering 259
11.4 Production and Improvement of Biocatalysts 264
11.5 Conclusions and Final Remarks 273
12 Multi-omics Technologies Paving the Way for the Success of Biorefinery 279
Shruti Ahlawat, Somya Gupta, Ritika Yadav, and Krishna Kant Sharma
12.1 Introduction 279
12.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass 280
12.3 Steps in Biorefinery 280
12.4 Various Value-Added Products Generated from Lignocellulosic Biomass 284
12.5 Cellulose-Based Value-Added Products 285
12.6 Hemicellulose-Based Value-Added Products 287
12.7 Lignin-Based Value-Added Products 288
12.8 CRISPR/Cas9 and -Omics Technologies 289
12.9 Utilization of -Omics Technologies Toward Biorefinery Success 289
12.10 Role in Efficient Enzyme Production 293
12.11 Role in Microalgae-Based Biorefinery 296
12.12 Conclusion 297
13 Sustainability Assessment of Genetically Engineered Biocatalysts Producing Biofuels and Biochemicals 309
Andreza A. Longati, Christian de Oliveira Martins, Gabriel Baioni, Adilson Jos© da Silva, Thais Suzane Milessi, and Felipe Fernando Furlan
13.1 Introduction 309
13.2 The Role of Genetically Modified Organisms in Biorefineries 310
13.3 Metabolic Modeling in the Development of Genetically Modified Organisms 312
13.4 Parameters to Evaluate the Sustainability of Genetically Modified Organisms 315
13.5 Case Studies of Genetically Modified Organisms 324
13.6 Conclusions 327
14 Lean Manufacturing Toward Minimum Waste Discharge and Potential Gains in the Biorefinery and Biotechnology Industries 337
Fabricio M. Gomes, Messias Borges Silva, Giovani Maltempi-Mendes, and Anuj Kumar Chandel
14.1 Introduction 337
14.2 The Fundamentals of Lean Manufacturing 337
14.3 The Five Principles of Lean 338
14.4 Waste Reduction in Biotechnology: Unique Challenges 338
14.5 Types of Waste in Biotechnology 338
14.6 Managing Biohazardous Waste 339
14.7 Lean Tools for Biotechnology 339
14.8 Total Productive Maintenance 341
14.9 Lean Manufacturing and Digitalization in Biotechnology 341
14.10 Real-Time Data Analytics 341
14.11 Digital Twins 342
14.12 Potential Gains from Lean Implementation in Biotechnology 342
14.13 Cost Savings 342
14.14 Lean Manufacturing's Role in Addressing Sustainability Goals 343
14.15 Regulatory Compliance and Lean in Biotechnology 344
14.16 Commercial Aspects of Lean Implementation in Biorefineries 344
14.17 Case Study: Lean Implementation at Pfizer 345
14.18 Case Study: Novartis and Lean Implementation in Biopharma 348
14.19 Conclusion 348
Acknowledgments 348
References 348
Index 351
