Basic Income

About the Editors xi

Introduction: The Idea of an Unconditional Income for Everyone xiii
Karl Widerquist, Yannick Vanderborght, Jos© A. Noguera, and Jurgen De Wispelaere

Part I: Freedom 1

Introduction: Freedom and Basic Income 2
Karl Widerquist

1. The Psychological Aspects of the Guaranteed Income 5
Erich Fromm

2. The Case for a Negative Income Tax: A View from the Right 11
Milton Friedman

3. Why Surfers Should Be Fed: The Crazy-Lazy Challenge 17
Philippe Van Parijs

4. Optional Freedoms 23
Elizabeth Anderson

5. A Republican Right to Basic Income 26
Philip Pettit

6. Why We Demand a Basic Income 32
Karl Widerquist

Part II: Justice 39

Introduction: Theories of Justice and Basic Income 40
Karl Widerquist

7. Left-libertarianism and a Global Rent Payment 43
Nicolaus Tideman and Peter Vallentyne

8. Guaranteed Income as a Replacement for the Welfare State 49
Charles Murray

9. A Capitalist Road to Communism 52
Robert van der Veen and Philippe Van Parijs

10. Why Marxists and Socialists Should Favor Basic Income 55
Michael Howard

11. Basic Income and the Common Good 62
Bill Jordan

12. Associations and Basic Income 72
Bill Jordan

Part III: Reciprocity and Exploitation 79

Introduction: Reciprocity and Exploitation 80
Karl Widerquist

13. Brief Comments on Leisure Time 85
John Rawls

14. Liberal Equality, Exploitation, and the Case for an Unconditional Basic Income 87
Stuart White

15. Clamshell Rents? How Resource Equality Causes Exploitation 93
Gijs Van Donselaar

16. Basic Income and the Work Ethic 101
Brian Barry

17. Fairness to Idleness: Is There a Right Not to Work? 105
Andrew Levine

18. Basic Income, Self-respect, and Reciprocity 114
Catriona McKinnon

19. Reciprocity and the Guaranteed Income 123
Karl Widerquist

20. The Morality of the Universal Grant Versus the Ethics of Paid Work 134
Robert van der Veen

Part IV: Feminism 141

Introduction: The Feminist Response to Basic Income 142
Yannick Vanderborght and Karl Widerquist

21. Is One Manâs Ceiling Another Womanâs Floor? 145
Ann Withorn

22. Why Basic Income does not Promote Gender Equality 149
Ann S. Orloff

23. A Gender Analysis of Basic Income 153
Ingrid Robeyns

24. A Basic Income for Feminists? 163
Tony Fitzpatrick

25. Free-riding and the Household 173
Carole Pateman

26. Promoting Gender Equity Through a Basic Income 178
Ailsa McKay

27. Good for Women 186
Anne Alstott

Part V: Economics 189

Introduction: The Economics of Basic Income 190
Karl Widerquist, Jos© A. Noguera, and Yannick Vanderborght

28. The Case for an Income Guarantee 195
James Tobin

29. What Can We Learn from the Agathotopians? 200
James Meade

30. Basic Income and Effi ciency 205
Philippe Van Parijs

31. Basic Income as a Basis for Small Business 210
Bart Nooteboom

32. What (If Anything) Can We Learn from the Negative Income Tax Experiments? 216
Karl Widerquist

33. Efficiency and Participation: The Basic Income Approach 230
Bill Jordan

34. Subsidize Wages 235
Edmund Phelps

35. Universal Basic Income and the Flat Tax 240
Herbert A. Simon

36. Democracy and General Welfare 242
James M. Buchanan

37. Basic Income and Social Power 246
Koen Raes

38. Cost Estimates for a Basic Income in the United States 255
Charles M.A. Clark

Part VI: Post-productivism 259

Introduction: Basic Income as a Post-productivist Policy 260
Jos© A. Noguera and Karl Widerquist

39. Ecologism and Basic Income 263
Tony Fitzpatrick

40. A Green Case for Basic Income? 269
Philippe Van Parijs

41. A Non-productivist Design for Social Policies 275
Claus Offe

42. A Post-productivist Welfare Regime 283
Robert E. Goodin

43. Demoralizing the Labor Market: Could Jobs be Like Cars and Concerts? 289
Bert Hamminga

44. Beyond the Wage-based Society 297
Andr© Gorz

45. The Relevance of Basic Income for Post-industrial Economies 307
Fred Block

Part VII: Implementation 311

Introduction: The Implementation of Basic Income 312
Karl Widerquist, Jos© A. Noguera, Yannick Vanderborght, and Jurgen De Wispelaere

46. The Shadow of Speenhamland 315
Fred Block and Margaret Somers

47. The Stability of Basic Income 331
Jos de Beus

48. Basic Income and the Welfare State 339
Samuel Brittan

49. Basic Income and Contributory Pensions 346
Jos© A. Noguera

50. Basic Income as a Minimally Presumptuous Social Welfare Policy 351
Robert E. Goodin

51. The Basic Income Guarantee as an Exit Option 357
Joel Handler and Amanda Sheely Babcock

52. Practical Bottlenecks in the Implementation of a Universal Basic Income 360
Jurgen De Wispelaere and Lindsay Stirton

Part VIII: Institutions 369

Introduction: Institutional Versions and Cognates of Basic Income 370
Jos© A. Noguera

53. A Global Resources Dividend 375
Thomas W. Pogge

54. From Euro-Stipendium to Euro-Dividend 392
Philippe Van Parijs and Yannick Vanderborght

55. Negative Income Tax: The Original Idea 398
Milton Friedman

56. The Case for a Progressive Negative Income Tax 402
Fred Block and Jeff Manza

57. Stakeholding versus Basic Income 417
Bruce Ackerman and Anne Alstott

58. Reciprocity-sensitive Forms of Basic Income 429
Stuart White

59. Participation Income 435
Anthony B. Atkinson

60. The Trilemma of Participation Income 439
Jurgen De Wispelaere and Lindsay Stirton

61. Sabbatical Grants 447
Claus Offe and Johan de Deken

62. A Uniform Refundable Tax Credit 453
Lily L. Batchelder, Fred T. Goldberg Jr., and Peter R. Orszag

63. A Household Basic Income 461
Luis Sanzo and Rafael Pinilla

64. A Coming-of-Age Grant versus a Community Capital Grant 464
Guy Standing

Part IX: Politics 471

Introduction: Politics 472
Yannick Vanderborght, Jos© A. Noguera, and Karl Widerquist

65. Political Strategies for Basic Income 477
David Purdy

66. The Lack of Political Support for an Income by Right 485
Bill Cavala and Aaron Wildavsky

67. The Ambiguities of Basic Income from a Trade Union Perspective 497
Yannick Vanderborght

68. Basic Income and Social Europe 509
Fritz Scharpf

69. Is Basic Income Politically Feasible in a Social Europe? 516
Philippe Van Parijs

70. Basic Income in the South 523
Philippe Van Parijs

71. How Cash Transfers Promote the Case for Basic Income 527
Guy Standing

72. Basic Income and the New Class Struggle 548
Philippe Van Parijs

73. A âPackage Solutionâ for Basic Income 555
Claus Offe, Ulrich M¼ckenberger and Ilona Ostner

74. Pathways from Here 560
Claus Offe

Index 564